Social Media And Its Effect On Individual Privacy - 944 Words

Due to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and a variety of other social networking sites and apps, millions of online users can connect and share their lives with each other. However, in a complex network where millions of people can create and post their daily lives, the collection and analysis of personal information by online social networking sites has been controversial due to its potential to weaken individual privacy. The online platforms are owned by businesses that have the goal to optimize performance for users but also can turn the masses of users into monetary value by data mining. Global multimedia networks and the advertising industry have become interested in the information about their online consumers due to the fact that people use the Internet on a daily basis for multiple reasons and produce significant amounts of usable data for strategic marketing. Revenue for social network sites is acquired from various companies who are eager to pay to advertise and market their ow n respective company. There is a great challenge that users face on social media as they try to manage their privacy against the power of the social networks companies that can affect their information and behavior. Popular social network sites—especially Facebook—have created impressive technological ways for many to be connected. However, the potential for social network sites to gather and utilize personal and private data from their users makes it a risky and unjust action for humanShow MoreRelatedThe Positive And Negative Effects Of Privacy And Social Media1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe Oxford dictionary defines Privacy as the state or condition of being free from being observed or disturbed by other people (2017). It should not come as a surprise that websites designed to share pictures, ideas, and what is for dinner, leave individuals feeling that their privacy has been invaded. It is also not surprising that some people are oblivious to the effects of what they post online. It is safe to say the loss of privacy can be self-imposed for societies need to collaborate and socializedRead MoreDisadvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1536 Words   |  7 Pages Disadvantages of Social Media Jiacheng Liu EAP/VI/C Sarah Peterson April/15/2015  Abstract Social media is an inherent part of current Internet and used by more than a billion individuals worldwide. They provide opportunities to share ideas and interact with others, from old friends to strangers. In spite of the fact that social media has changed individuals’ lives with unnumbered benefits, many disadvantages, to users, are hidden under the superficial advantages, includingRead MoreSocial Media s Influence On Mental Health And Overall Quality Of Life1707 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media usage by adolescents must be limited in order to improve mental health and overall quality of life. Adolescent social media activity continues to grow, creating technology dependence in younger generations. Technology remains in its prime throughout the twenty first century with advancements in internet and smartphone capabilities. As technology becomes more accessible to younger generations, minors continue to spend more of their day trapped in a cyber universe and disconnected fromRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1297 Words   |  6 PagesIn the twenty-first century, social media plays an extensive part in most people’s lives. Instagram, Twitter, and many other social networks can cause adverse psychological harm and even lead to physical harm. Although many may argue that social media pertains to be useful, there prove to be more harmful aspects rather than helpful aspects of these media sites. These effects are not only psychological, but they may also be physical. Not only do social networks cause depression, anxiety, and cyberbullyingRead MoreThe Lack of Priva cy over the Internet1375 Words   |  5 PagesIt is apparent, that privacy is becoming less of a factor to people now days and technology contributes to it. Technology is a big part of the problem in many ways. Camera are installed almost everywhere, that make it almost impossible to not have your every movement accounted for with the use of CCTV (Closed Circuit Television). Social media also contributes to the lack of privacy one may have, by ones choice to post about their private lives including their family and friends. With so manyRead MoreSocial Media s Impact On Communication1456 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication has been permanently changed by social media. A wide conceptual definition of social media, as cited in Ressler Glazer (2010), is â€Å"The online and mobile accessible services that enable individuals to connect, collaborate, and share with others in real time.† Social media has an obvious influence on informal communication style and represents both possibility and liability for healthcare institutions. As cited in Bernhardt, Alber, Gold (2014), â€Å"Social media provide healthcare professionals withRead MoreSocial Media And The Media917 Words   |  4 Pagesthe research conducted on social media. This paper also focuses on relationships, the positive and negative aspects of social media and the varies ways social media effects modern day. This paper also surveys people between the ages of fifteen and sixty- three. It discovers their daily usage that is spent these social sites and discusses the level of privacy and information that is shared on social sites. Modern Social Media Influences and Effects Social media has rapidly grown throughoutRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1616 Words   |  7 Pagesyears, social media has increased over the years rapidly by a significant percentage. Social Media is defined as websites that allow users to participate in social networking. The issue of social media has frequently been debated whether it hinders an adolescent development or advances. Often people may assume that social media advances an individual’s development, but social media may hinder an individual’s development due to different negative causes that have been proven by research. Social mediaRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Healthcare Field1541 Words   |  7 Pagesnursing field, it has also created huge concerns with patient privacy and sharing of protected health information leading to detrimental effects to patients and their families. Indeed, technology is changing the face of healthcare with positive innovations to reduce medication e rrors and documentation errors. However, technology at our fingertips has created immense concerns with sharing of protected health information of patients via social media, email and other means of communication via technologyRead MoreThe Negative Impact of Social Networking Sites on People739 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Networking Sites People have been impacted by social networking sites. Social networking sites have a negative influence on our generation because of bullying, predation, and an effect on our education. With kids interacting freely they can come across predation. Furthermore, â€Å"some predators have an objective of enticing young people into sending inappropriate webcam photos of themselves or to engage in sexually explicit conversations† (Sexton and English 2). Kids are the easiest to manipulate

The Lesson Essay - 1114 Words

Social classes divide the people of a nation or country and have existed probably for as long as human history itself. In the past, they have designated people to certain categories that determined the opportunities and privileges that they could receive. In the past, the social class a person belonged to was determined by which one he or she was born into, and this label generally stuck to someone for life. In more recent history, broadened opportunity has opened up an escape for those stuck in the lower classes. The social class a person is born into has become merely a starting point in life, and where somebody ends up is decided by his or her determination. Through its plot, characters, and use of certain symbols, Tony Cade†¦show more content†¦This realization excites Miss Moore because she always tells the children that where they are is who they are, but it does not have to be that way. Sylvia shows that she has learned that she can break away from her social cl ass when she says that nobody will beat her at anything. Bambara also uses the character of Sylvia to develop the theme in â€Å"The Lesson.† Throughout the story, Sylvia boasts a rebellious and disrespectful attitude. As narrator, she says the story is set â€Å"back in the days when everyone was old and stupid or young and foolish and me and Sugar were just right...† (60). Sylvias thoughts and actions display the feeling that she is better than everyone else, such as laughing at Miss Moores appearance, terrorizing the West Indian kids, and taking their hair ribbons and money (60-61). She always wants to escape Miss Moores lessons; she feels that it is not fair for her to be stuck being bored with Miss Moore on a day that should be spent swimming (61). The trip to F.A.O. Schwarz furthers Sylvias anger towards Miss Moore because she is exposed people who possess more than she. This experience makes Sylvia realize that she is not above all people and ignites a des ire to get ahead in life, which is expressed by the narrators closing thoughts, â€Å"But aint nobody gonnaShow MoreRelatedThe Video Of The Lesson865 Words   |  4 PagesLesson Analysis After reviewing the video of the lesson I recorded and analyzing the results, I feel very positive about the lesson outcomes. Prior to the start of this lesson, each student completed the pre-assessment. Students were then placed in groups based on their readiness level. This assessment displayed the need for differentiation during small group instruction. To begin the lesson I brought in a stuffed chicken to use as a tool to introduce the concept of using digraphs. This activityRead MoreEvaluation Of A Lesson And A Mathematics Non Appraised Lesson1755 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay closely reflects upon and evaluates two lessons taught within SE1. The school in which these lessons were taught is a primary academy, which size is larger than average. The majority of pupils are white British pupils but ethnic minorities are consistently increasing; the amount of EAL children is significantly high. Ofsted graded the behaviour within school to be outstanding. The class concerned is a year three class, in their summer term. My SE1 targets include: To develop assessmentRead MoreThe Lesson Of The Muhlenberg Lesson Plan901 Words   |  4 Pagesadmit that I waited for the right lesson to compare to the Muhlenberg Lesson Plan. Finding all the elements of the Muhlenberg Lesson Plan in lessons throughout all of my fieldwork experiences would be difficult because for the most part teachers do not seem to do set induction or closure. I chose to do my comparison on a Macbeth lesson in Mrs. Butterbaugh’s tenth grade co-taught class. This was strictly an observed lesson, as Mrs. Butterbaugh does not do formal lesson plans. The unit title could beRead MoreI Am A Math Lesson Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesFor my second lesson, I decided to conduct a math lesson as I had never conducted a math lesson in an elementary classroom let alone a 3rd grade classroom. I discussed with my CT what math concept I could teach that pertained to one of the 3rd grade standards. My CT told me that I could introduce the new concept of area to the class on the Friday that I was supposed to teach my lesson. I knew that that introducing a new topic on a Friday in an elementary classroom was not ideal as the majority ofRead MoreEvaluation Of An Integrated Lesson Plan901 Words   |  4 Pages Through the lesson plans that we developed, I’ve learned how to implement art that is developmentally appropriate, meaningful, and challenging for students. The integration of art must be meaningful to the lesson but also challenging for the students. The integrated lesson plan must also consider a diverse classroom, allowing all students equal access to what is being taught. Most importantly, art experiences must help each child meet challenging and achievable learning goals. As teachers, we mustRead MoreLesson And What Exactly Took Place Throughout The Lesson913 Words   |  4 PagesAfter reviewing the lesson and what exactly took place throughout the lesson, it is safe to say that learning occurred. This le sson was focused on taking knowledge from previous years as well as the previous lesson I implemented and putting it to use. The students were given a range of materials to create their own graph. They had to create their data as well that goes along with the desired graph that they planned to create. Due to the fact that the writing aspect was taken out due to time constrictionsRead MoreA Lesson Plan For A Teacher865 Words   |  4 Pageswork that all comes together under the same category. This is what is called lesson plans, and they are a very important part of keeping the class together and also help the teacher stay organized. There are many different ways in which one can set up their lesson plans, but it is very important to have them done the correct way rather than the wrong way to get the full benefit from them. I was able to find two different lesson plans that represent the correct way and also the wrong way. The correctRead MoreLesson Plan For The Classroom Essay882 W ords   |  4 PagesThese pages do not count toward your page total. 1. Which lesson or lessons are shown in the clip(s)? Identify the lesson(s) by lesson plan number. Describe any changes in the lesson plans for the lessons shown in the clip(s) and the reasons for those changes. [ Lesson plan 1(one) is shown in the video. ] 2. If applicable, provide any additional information (beyond that provided in Planning Task 1) needed to understand the learning environment or interactions seen in each clip. a. Identify the districtRead MoreEssay on Lesson Plan2195 Words   |  9 PagesLesson Plan Keysha Starks ESL 533N – SEI Advanced Methodologies of Structured English Immersion January 16, 2013 Resource 2: SIOP Lesson Plan humbley Date: January 16, 2013 Grade/Class/Subject: Kindergarten/ math/ Unit/Theme: Shapes CT Standards: K.G.A.2 Student will be able to correctly name shapes regardless of their orientations or overall size Content Objective(s): CT.K.3.1.1 Identify objects in the classroom that match examplesRead MoreMy First Lesson On The Battle Of Lexington And Concord960 Words   |  4 Pagestaught my first lesson on the battles of Lexington and Concord. The students analyzed two primary source documents then as a class we discussed their similarities and differences. The lesson went well despite the fact that two-thirds of the class was missing due to state testing. The fact that majority of the class made me worried for the lesson I prepared for the following day because the two lessons were designed to match up. However, I was pleasantly surprised that Thursday’s lesson went as smoothly

Muscles Free Essays

Muscles, skeleton and skin give the body shape and form. But it’s the muscle tissues that clearly give the features and shape of the human body. Much effort is given to muscles that it has even become a large global industry just to maintain it. We will write a custom essay sample on Muscles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Among the specialized tissues in the body, the muscle tissue is highly specialized. Muscle tissues have contracting abilities and conducting abilities. Muscles are found to carry out electrical impulses. Voluntary muscles are differentiated from involuntary muscles. In terms of structure, muscles can either be striated or smooth. Muscles are commonly known as smooth, skeletal and cardiac. Different organs use different kinds of muscles. Small intestines have smooth muscles. Smooth muscles are neat and form parallel lines. Intestine muscles are involuntary muscles. They contract without conscious thought. These muscles fit the intestines because digestion is not an act of will. Whether you like it or not, intestines will move according to the contents of your stomach either when they are full or empty. The uterus also has smooth muscles. Other organs such as the bladder, blood vessels and other internal organs also have involuntary muscles. Skeletal muscles are confused to be fibres of connective tissues. Skeletal muscles are not of connective tissues because these muscles are not extracellular elements. These muscles describe the individual skeletal muscle cells. These tissues are fibres that are thin and very long. They almost look like threads like the one we see in clothing. Under the microscope, these cells are cylindrical and unbranched. The nuclei of these tissues are neatly arranged that goes around the periphery of the cell. This neat and orderly arrangement is made up of actin and myosin filaments found inside the muscle cell. Skeletal muscle cells that are arranged and form large bundles are called fascicles. These bundles are enveloped with thin layers of connective. Continuous arrangements of these fascicles become parts of a particular muscle organ, for example biceps. Cardiac muscles are almost an integration of smooth muscles and skeletal muscles. These muscle tissues make up the wall of the heart. They are striated and multinucleate like skeletal muscles however, they also seem to be smooth because their nuclei are located at the center and that a lot of cells are required to occupy the length of the muscle. â€Å"It differs from both skeletal muscle and smooth muscle in that its cells branch and are joined to one another via intercalated discs. Intercalated discs allow communication between the cells such that there is a sequential contraction of the cells from the bottom of the ventricle to the top, facilitating maximal ejection of blood from the ventricle during contraction. This occurs with out nervous innervation to each cell or group of cells. Cardiac muscle also differs from the other two muscle types in that contraction can occur even without an initial nervous input. The cells that produce the stimulation for contraction without nervous input are called the pacemaker cells.† (Ackerley, 2006) These three types of muscles help the body more than make it look good. There are many important benefits from proper maintenance of muscle tissues. The muscle is fit when one is strong, has endurance, is flexible and can carry out everyday tasks without injury. Keeping the muscle fit will also keep the organs fit. Programs such as weight lifting or weight bearing help the muscle build endurance and flexibility. One need not be a weight lifter to have properly maintained muscles. Weak muscles are cause of lower back and posture-related diseases that can lead to painful problems. If the muscles are healthy, it will help the skeletons to cope up with stressful activities of the body. Both voluntary and involuntary muscles are important to keep the body balanced. Massaging muscle tissues are almost the basic human instinct that is first aid to muscle pains. Massaging the muscles specially the ones that are in pain or are with disease is a way to increase body chemical flow in and out of the muscles. Given that muscles are smooth, skeletal or cardiac, massaging the muscles will help the muscle tissues from stagnating and being rigid. References: Ackerley, Sandra K. 2006. Muscles. Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Retrieved April 1, 2006   http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/210labs/muscle1.html Bourne, GH. 1960. The Structure and Function of Muscle. Academic Press       How to cite Muscles, Essay examples

Drug Testing for School Athletes free essay sample

Drug use in school athletics has become a substantial problem in today’s society. With the rising pressure to succeed and the high level intensity in athletics, it does not come to a surprise that so many student–athletes are giving in to drugs. Many schools that are faced with drug use are turning to mandatory drug tests for student-athletes; however mandatory drug tests are a violation of the Fourth Amendment, the Fifth Amendment and drug testing reverses the legal principle of innocent until proven guilty. In order to protect the rights of the American people, drug testing student-athletes without suspicion and without sufficient evidence should not be introduced into school athletics due to the fact that it violates the Fourth Amendment and the Fifth Amendment of the Constitution. Without suspicion of drug use, schools cannot require drug tests of athletes, because it violates their Fourth Amendment right. According to the US Bill Of Rights: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause. † (Cayton). This means that you need probable cause or suspicion of drug use before you can require a drug test of someone. School athletes should not be subject to unjust searches based on non-existent evidence. The searches would be both unlawful and unreasonable thus making the policy unconstitutional. Nevertheless, there are many people who oppose this policy, and believe that student-athlete drug testing is needed to protect the common good and ensure the safety of everyone (Mikula). However, no policy should be able to violate the constitution and infringe on the student’s privacy. An example of this is from a court case involving a Texas School District. The Texas School argued that they needed a policy to test student-athletes for drugs to help control the â€Å"drug crisis† going on at their school. The court ruled that the school failed to demonstrate the need for drug testing without suspicion and the policy was deemed unconstitutional by the court (American Civil Liberties Union). Schools cannot test student-athletes without suspicion because it’s unlawful, unreasonable and unconstitutional. Drug testing of school athletes reverses the legal principle that we are innocent until proven guilty which thus going against one of the most fundamental concepts of criminal law. In the  Fifth Amendment it states: â€Å"†¦nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cayton). This statement implies that it is guaranteed to us that we are to be assumed innocent until proven guilty. Some people might argue that schools shouldn’t need overwhelming evidence to ensure the safety of their students (High School and Youth Trends). However, it is clearly outlined within the Constitution that in order to test student-athletes for drugs, there must be compelling, and convincing evidence to base the accusations on or else the due process of law guaranteed to us in the Fifth Amendment is violated (Innocent Until Proven Guilty). Drug testing athletes without probable cause essentially tells students that they are guilty until they prove their innocence by taking a drug test. Without sufficient evidence to base accusations on, drug testing student-athletes is essentially asking them to provide the evidence of their own guilt. This is clearly in violation of the Fifth Amendment which clearly states that no person shall force to provide evidence to prove their own guilt. Within the Fifth Amendment it declares: â€Å"†¦nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cayton). Since the school possesses no such evidence to incriminate the athletes, asking them to submit a drug test is essentially asking them to provide the evidence that will prove their guilt. Some people believe that schools have the right to force students to participate in mandatory drug tests to protect the school as a whole, but in reality the School possesses no right to invade on the individu al rights of the students themselves. An example of drug testing violating the Fifth Amendment is a court case involving a Pennsylvania School. The court ruled the schools drug testing policy unconstitutional because it violated the Fifth Amendment (American Civil Liberties Union). The school was ultimately forcing the students to submit to drug tests without compelling evidence. The students were basically providing the evidence of their guilt which is a violation of the constitution. Mandatory Drug testing within schools reverses the legal principle of innocent until proven guilty and also violates the Fourth and Fifth Amendments of the Constitution. Without suspicion of drug use, there is no probable cause to test student-athletes for drugs, thus violating the Fourth Amendment right to be free from unlawful searches. Drug testing student-athletes without acquiring sufficient evidence to base accusations  on, is essentially asking them to provide the evidence of their own guilt which violates the Fifth Amendment right to protect against self-incrimination. Drug testing without compelling evidence also reverses the legal principle of innocent until proven guilty. Drug testing without pre-existing evidence tells students that they are guilty until they prove their innocence by taking a drug test. In order to uphold and maintain the rules and rights given to us by the Constitution, drug testing student-athletes must be deemed unconstitutional on all counts.

The Big Bang Theory Essays (1236 words) - Physical Cosmology

The Big Bang Theory It is always a mystery about how the universe began, whether if and when it will end. Astronomers construct hypotheses called cosmological models that try to find the answer. There are two types of models: Big Bang and Steady State. However, through many observational evidences, the Big Bang theory can best explain the creation of the universe. The Big Bang model postulates that about 15 to 20 billion years ago, the universe violently exploded into being, in an event called the Big Bang. Before the Big Bang, all of the matter and radiation of our present universe were packed together in the primeval fireball?an extremely hot dense state from which the universe rapidly expanded.1 The Big Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same everywhere on the large scale, at all times.2 It maintains the same average density of matter forever. There are observational evidences found that can prove the Big Bang model is more reasonable than the Steady State model. First, the redshifts of distant galaxies. Redshift is a Doppler effect which states that if a galaxy is moving away, the spectral line of that galaxy observed will have a shift to the red end. The faster the galaxy moves, the more shift it has. If the galaxy is moving closer, the spectral line will show a blue shift. If the galaxy is not moving, there is no shift at all. However, as astronomers observed, the more distance a galaxy is located from Earth, the more redshift it shows on the spectrum. This means the further a galaxy is, the faster it moves. Therefore, the universe is expanding, and the Big Bang model seems more reasonable than the Steady State model. The second observational evidence is the radiation produced by the Big Bang. The Big Bang model predicts that the universe should still be filled with a small remnant of radiation left over from the original violent explosion of the primeval fireball in the past. The primeval fireball would have sent strong shortwave radiation in all directions into space. In time, that radiation would spread out, cool, and fill the expanding universe uniformly. By now it would strike Earth as microwave radiation. In 1965 physicists Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson detected microwave radiation coming equally from all directions in the sky, day and night, all year.3 And so it appears that astronomers have detected the fireball radiation that was produced by the Big Bang. This casts serious doubt on the Steady State model. The Steady State could not explain the existence of this radiation, so the model cannot best explain the beginning of the universe. Since the Big Bang model is the better model, the existence and the future of the universe can also be explained. Around 15 to 20 billion years ago, time began. The points that were to become the universe exploded in the primeval fireball called the Big Bang. The exact nature of this explosion may never be known. However, recent theoretical breakthroughs, based on the principles of quantum theory, have suggested that space, and the matter within it, masks an infinitesimal realm of utter chaos, where events happen randomly, in a state called quantum weirdness.4Before the universe began, this chaos was all there was. At some time, a portion of this randomness happened to form a bubble, with a temperature in excess of 10 to the power of 34 degrees Kelvin. Being that hot, naturally it expanded. For an extremely brief and short period, billionths of billionths of a second, it inflated. At the end of the period of inflation, the universe may have a diameter of a few centimetres. The temperature had cooled

8 Fun SAT Test Facts to Give You a Break from Studying

8 Fun SAT Test Facts to Give You a Break from Studying SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Unfortunately, studying for the SAT isn’t much fun. There’s really no way to make reading passages or dissecting math problems super entertaining - and believe me, I’ve tried. But if you’re looking for a quick break from studying, check out these 8 random SAT test facts. You may even learn something helpful! Fact #1: SAT doesn’t actually stand for anything SAT originally stood for Scholastic Aptitude Test. But after the idea that the SAT tested "aptitude"became too controversial, the namewas changed to the Scholastic Assessment Test. Of course, "assessment" and "test" are spectacularly redundant, so in 1997 the College Board got fed up with the whole namingfiascoand decided that the SAT was now just the name of the test, not an abbreviation of something else. Fact #2: The College Board once canceledthe test for an entire country The College Board takes cheating veryseriously. In 2013, ETS, which administers the SAT, found out that tutoring companies in South Korea had conspired to obtain the test in advance, so theycanceledthe May test date entirely. Similarly, when a group of Long Island teens were caught paying college students to take the test for them they faced harsh consequences: criminal charges. Seoul, South Korea, where some unlucky students had their SAT canceled. Fact #3: There's a play about SAT tutoring Jenny Lyn Bader’s play None of the Above is all about the relationship between a trouble-makingteenager and her SAT tutor. I suspect the play issomewhat more dramatic than reality, soif you have questions about tutoring I'd recommendtaking a look at our guide instead. Fact #4: The scale on the original College Board test wasbrutal The College Board actually predates the SAT. It was founded in 1901 to administercollege specific tests, which were gradedas Excellent, Good, Doubtful, Poor, or Very Poor. That system may have beenless confusing than the current scale,but it also sounds kind ofharsh! Fact #5: Someone wrote an SAT vocabnovel about vampires There’s an entire genre of novels specifically designed to help you learn vocab words for the SAT, and they sound completely bizarre.Test of Time investigates what would happen if Mark Twain's manuscript forHuckleberry Finn was swapped with a modern day college student's laptop.Vampire Dreams is basicallyTwilight without the whole glittering in the sun thing. The reviews from students aren't kind, so I would recommend sticking to regularnovels with high level vocab words. You're probably better off just readingDracula.(Len "Doc" Radin/Flickr) Fact #6: Stanley H. Kaplan started the first SAT test prep company in 1938 When he startedtutoring college-bound students in his basement in Brooklyn, Kaplancharged $128 per student. Despite considerable demand, he didn'texpand outside of New York until the 1970s. Fact #7: The SAT started out asa military IQ test Before it was used for college admissions, an early version of the SAT wasused by the army to screen recruits during World War I. The first SAT, which was given in 1926, wasalso much, much more difficult than today’s version. Itincludedsections in which the test takerhad to translate sentences into a made-up language, judge whetherpropositions were perfectly logical,and complete baffling analogies. I don’t know about you, but I can’t make heads or tails of these analogies. Fact #8:George W. Bush used the SAT as part of his presidential campaign No, he didn't touthis own scores- those weren't particularly impressive. Instead, he bragged about the 100 point increase in Texas students’ SAT scores during his term as governor. Unfortunately, that increase had nothing to do with improvements in education: it was actually caused by the College Board rescaling the test in 1995. What's Next? If you're having trouble motivating, try reading about how a higher SAT score can help you get into the school of your dreams. Are you struggling to improve or have actually seen your scores go down? Try these strategies to turn it around. For tons of other free SAT prep resources, take a look at the right sidebar to find our posts sorted by topic. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Alex Heimbach About the Author Alex is an experienced tutor and writer. Over the past five years, she has worked with almost a hundred students and written about pop culture for a wide range of publications. She graduated with honors from University of Chicago, receiving a BA in English and Anthropology, and then went on to earn an MA at NYU in Cultural Reporting and Criticism. In high school, she was a National Merit Scholar, took 12 AP tests and scored 99 percentile scores on the SAT and ACT. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.058ada95-00ec-4252-b6ff-0a27d6c2c230'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Research and Analysis of Business Problems Paper

And Analysis of Business Problems - Research Paper Example Kellogg enjoyed higher growth rate from 2007 to 2009 and after that it had quite steady growth rate till 2011. On the other hand, General Mills had quite volatile revenue growth because revenue decreased from 2008 to 2010 and again increased in 2011. From the above table it can be said that, General Mills had higher revenue than Kellogg each of the last five years. Most recent personal decision that I have made is job preference. I have developed job preference for best suitable job for me after completing my study. As a student of business management, I would have multiple job opportunities in diverse areas of corporate sector. Most suitable options that are under my level of competence and knowledge are trainee business analyst, strategic marketing analyst and business development executive. These are the three alternative career fields for my future from numbers of major areas. Business analysis is most wide area among these three. It involves detailed analysis of all areas of a business like marketing, finance, operations, manpower management etc. Therefore, all four major areas of business management study and I can evaluate my core strength are from these four major areas and can chose that as major area in future. Second job preference is strategic marketing analysis which involves development of marketing planning for new product and service and also redesigning of existing marketing plans. This would help me to implement my marketing knowledge and develop marketing as a major area of my future career. Third job opportunity is business development executive which involves generating sales for the company by selling product and services offered by the company. This area covers organizations of all sectors and industry. It is quite tough at trainee or fresher level until some client base is developed. Therefore, most of companies ask for experienced can didates. From the most

Human Existential Needs individual response 1 Essay

Human Existential Needs individual response 1 - Essay Example In those, the person is seen as but one unit in a greater whole, be that a familial institution, a cultural group, or a religious entity. Self identity gives the person freedom from having to conform to an external norm, and from being obligated to sacrifice their desires, interests and gifts to the will of others. It dissolves the notion that children are the property of their parents, freeing them to pursue their own goals. It destroys the ability of controlling authority figures to use guilt to manipulate individuals into surrendering their autonomy and individuality for a so-called â€Å"greater good.† It also centers responsibility on the individual for their choices and their consequences, as they alone decided on them. One can no longer say â€Å"I was just following orders† or â€Å"it’s what mother or father demanded of me.† Like all of Fromm’s eight values, though, this one is not without its negative side. Humans are not simply individual s wandering through life with no need of others. We all must depend on others for some things, including items we cannot make ourselves. We are also social creatures by nature, and find fulfillment in joining with relatives, business partners, adherents of the same belief system, and those with similar interests. Families, churches and other religious institutions, office parties and fan or hobby clubs help the individual to express themselves within a context of shared affection and responsibilities. Extreme forms of individualism deny these truths, but they fail as workable models, simply because they deny these all too human traits. A healthy person will find a balance between their self identity and their role in cooperative efforts. By so doing they will experience the benefits of relatedness, rootedness and unity, three other existential needs Fromm cites. I saw a positive example of the quest for identity express itself in a female friend who was in an abusive relationship. H er boyfriend verbally belittled her and on occasion struck her. When I spoke with her about this she admitted that she was terrified to leave him because she felt she had no sense of self outside of a relationship. As time went on, however, she embraced her own identity apart from her abuser, took responsibility for her allowing him to mistreat her, and ended the relationship. She is now happily married to a wonderful man who treats her with great respect. She is also employed as a social worker and counselor, a position which empowers her to help others is dysfunctional relationships. This nourishes her desire for effectiveness.. The need for effectiveness is drawn from the desire to believe that one’s life has meaning and purpose, that it in some way makes the world a better place than it was before one was born. It’s what inspires people to work for more than monetary reward; for example, in volunteer positions. Effectiveness is directly related to identity, in that it facilitates the idea that one is a unique actor in the play of life, with a role that makes a substantive difference in the plot. That difference need not be momentous. For example, a person may simply try to brighten other’s days in small ways, with a smile or small gift. Others who believe they have unusually high levels of personal potential may strive to affect the world in larger ways. They may work to achieve business success, run for a political office or strive for

The U.S. Policy toward Native Americans in the 19th Century Article

The U.S. Policy toward Native Americans in the 19th Century - Article Example Similarly, President Jackson instigated forced resettlement of Native American tribes from the Southeast to the west of the Mississippi River. He ensured the aggressive enforcement of the Indian Removal Act. On the other hand, in 1953, President Grant declared that if Native Americans were not forced upon Whites, they would be harmless and his most remarkable activities as President include policies for the protection of African Americans and Native Americans in the West. His policies advocated for their education and wellbeing (Danzinger). Indian removal refers to the policy forced by the government of the United States for the relocation of Native American tribes from the east of the Mississippi River to its west. On the other hand, an Indian reservation refers to an area of land administered by Native American Tribes and by the end of the 19th century there were 300 reservations established in the US. Some tribes ignored the relocation orders and forcing them back onto reservations resulted in a number of Native American massacres. The Indian allotment act allowed the President to divide reservations into separate lands for individual members. Its major aims were to civilize Native Americans and to acquire use of Native-American lands for non-Natives (Gunn) Wounded Knee was the last battle of American-Indian wars which occurred on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota, the United States of America where, after the demise of Sitting Bull, General Custer's old regiment rounded up about 350 Sioux. The Native Americans were asked by the soldiers to surrender their weapons. Around 300 Native Americans were murdered and their dead bodies were left to freeze on the ground ("The Wounded Knee Massacre.").

Business Process Reengineering and Organisational Change

Business Process Reengineering and Organisational Change Introduction This chapter reviews the Business Process Reengineering (BPR) and its vision of radical business process change, focusing upon the use of Organisational culture change for multidisciplinary team-working. It highlights BPRs superficial treatment of the human dimension of its programme for radical organizational change and raises the question of how HRM specialists are to respond to its trivialisation of the complexities and dilemmas associated with the reengineering of work processes. Business Process Reengineering Following the publication of the fundamental concepts of BPR by Hammer (1990) and Davenport and Short (1990), many organisations have reported vivid benefits gained from the fruitful implementation of BPR. Corporations like Porsche AG (Zinser, Baumgà ¤rtner, Walliser, 1998), CIGNA (Caron, Jarvenpaa, Stoddard, 1994), and Wal-Mart (Altinkemer, Chaturvedi, Kondareddy, 1998) are all acknowledged as having productively implemented BPR. However, in spite of the noteworthy advancement of the BPR concept, not all organisations embarking on BPR projects achieve their intended result. In 1993, Hall et al. claimed that 50-70 per cent of business process reengineering (BPR) initiatives fail to deliver the expected results (Hall, Rosenthal, Wade, 1993). Having BPR constantly at the top of the list of management issues in annual surveys of critical information systems reveals executives failure to either implement properly or attain the benefits of BPR (Stefanescu, Stefanescu, Constantinescu, Constantinescu, 2007). This combination of outcomes makes the concern of BPR implementation very significant. BPR has abundant capability for accumulative productivity through reduced process time and budget, enhanced quality, and superior customer satisfaction, but it frequently involves a fundamental organisational change. As a consequence, the implementation process is multifaceted, and needs to be examined against numerous succes s/failure factors to ensure successful implementation, as well as to prevent implementation drawbacks. Practitioners and Researchers have classified BPR in various ways with dissimilar prominence. Hammer and Champy (1993) described BPR as the primary rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to accomplish spectacular enhancements in significant, modern measures of performance, such as expenses, service, speed and quality (Adeyemi Aremu, 2008). Lowenthal (1994) defined BPR as the fundamental rethinking and redesign of operating process and organizational structure, focuses on the organizations core competencies, to achieve dramatic improvements in organizational performance (Aurand, Schoenbachler, Gordon, 1996). Alter (1990) described BPR as a systematic process that uses information technology to radically overhaul business process and thereby attain major business goals (Grover, 1995). Sethi and King (1998) defined BPR as a redesign and reorganization of business activities that results from questioning the status quo. It search for fulfilling explicit objectives and ca n lead to revolutionary enhancement. It is often interrelated with major cultural and technological changes (Sohail, Daud, Rajadurai, 2006). Nevertheless the idea of BPR began to evolve where many theoretical propositions underlying BPR surfaced (Khong Richardson, 2003). Figure 1 shows some of the developments that BPR has undergone. Although the theoretical propositions differ, similarities are present. Figure 1: Comparison of Perspective and theoretical proposition underlying BPR (Khong Richardson, 2003) Impact of BPR on the organisation The previous segment highlighted the fact that for the BPRs success organizational culture plays a crucial role. In this segment of debate a description is provided on the basis of various thinkers thought that what are the main units or elements of organization, where the organizational culture element stands among them and the inter twinning of these various elements showing that how influencing one can guide rest in the desired direction. As discussed ahead, an organization is an integration of various sub-units or sub sets. For successful implementation of process such as BPR, one needs to consider all these elements simultaneously or to identify the core of these elements so that by influencing that the entire organization can be aligned for the process change purpose. In 1988, Leavitt and Bahrami Diamond model (see Figure 2) accentuates the association between technology, business structure, and people issues and related control mechanisms (Peters Waterman, 2004). They identified these four elements as the core and need to be considered for any change initiative in the organization. Figure 2: The Leavitt and Bahrami Diamond (1988) Again, Weisbord (1978) tries to develop a diagnostic tool for identifying six-box organisational areas, using the categories if structure, purposes, relationships, rewards, helpful mechanisms, and leadership (see Figure 3), where an organization has to perform well in order to succeed (Weisbord, 1978). Figure 3: Weisbords six-boxes Organisational Model (Weisbord, 1978) Further elaborating and developing on this thought McKinleys 7s provide a comprehensive set of factors to assess an organizations readiness for change. These factors recognize seven fundamental components (see Figure 4) none of which should be overlooked before the change process starts (Peters Waterman, 2004). The various frameworks and models have several common aspects. Since, McKinleys 7s encapsulates the important constituents of an organisation and because it has Shared Values (or Culture) at its heart, McKinseys 7s model will be used as a framework to assess the impact of BPR on the organisation. Because of the comprehensive nature and the area of vastness and dimension, McKinleys model holds a bigger degree of acceptance in the literature of Change management in organizations. A further elaboration on the elements identified by McKinleys will make this fact more elucidate to the reader and establish its importance for this research work. Figure 2: McKinseys seven S (Peters Waterman, 2004) Systems Systems are codified knowledge, structured in an analytical arrangement (Zack, 1999). They are management control system, performance measurement and reward systems, planning, budgeting and resource allocation systems and management information systems (Kaplan, 2005). They are the guidelines that direct workforce and administration in their daily tasks. All the BPR explanations, either explicitly or implicitly, imply to these features of systems as the subsequent examples of BPR implementation demonstrate. Rohm, in his examination of BPR at the Principal Financial Group Inc., gives an illustration from its field support transaction. He found that earlier, it has 16 step process involving input from nine people located in several areas and on distinct floors of the home office. The modern structure empowered this process to be diminished to six steps, involving the work of only three people. Consequently, customers were supplied with a single contact individual who could implement and control the whole process (Rohm, 1992). Often, new processes are aided by new technology. Thus, both the new technology and the new multi-function positions demand employees learn new techniques. Structures In 2005, Kaplan describes structures as The way in which tasks and people are specialized and divided, and authority is distributed; how activities and reporting relationships are grouped; the mechanisms by which activities in the organisation are coordinated (Kaplan, 2005). Henley goes on to classify six distinct kind of organisation: Simple structure, machine bureaucracy, professional bureaucracy, divisionalised form, adhocracy cult organisation. Having redefined the crucial processes within an organisation, the next step within BPR is to reorganise the organisation along process lines. Process organisations present a new form of organisation that aims to break away from many of the above traditional types, particularly the bureaucracies and divisional forms. Hammer Champy recommend a move to a widely horizontal structure established around the processes (Hammer Champy, 1993), whereas Davenport recommends a multi-facet matrix structure, with process accountability as a key element (Davenport, 1993). To achieve this, Jon Minerich states: the new organisation must adjust a balance between functional expertise and process involvement and goes on to say it is essential to remove functional barriers (Minerich, 2008). Still, whilst a process orientation is a new organisational structure it will incorporate attributes of the adhocracy: Workforces do not need to be supervised; they are grownups who are willing to take accountabilit y for their work products. Staff Buchanan Huczynski (1997) defines Staff as the quality and quantity of people employed but also adds the management concerns of motivation, reward systems, empowerment, the structure of jobs and team work (Buchanan Huczynski, 2004). The quality concerns will be noted in the Skills section that follows. BPR is often linked to new rewards systems. Davenport (1993) mentions gain-sharing, lateral promotion and a move from role title to process title, and variety through work role rotation. Life time employment, he considers encourage employees to redesign the processes to eliminate their own job (Sabki, Nawi, Mohamed, Azzli, 2005). BPR has certainly made some significant impact on the number of staff. At least in its early phase, re-engineering generally means heavy downsizing and extensive job reorganisation. The role of supervisors gets transformed and the number of intermediate managers usually decreased. At the same time, staffs at all horizontal have new, more receptive roles and specialist roles change fundamentally (Vollmann Brazas, 2004). BPR has indeed become related with down-sizing and right-sizing, and in such situations it is problematic to square with Davenports assertion above, that staffs should ha ve the confidence to redesign themselves out of the process. Skills Skills are defined as The distinctive competencies of the organisation needed to perform difficult tasks to a high standard along the dimensions such as people, management practises, systems technologies (Kaplan, 2005). The word empowerment is invariably associated with BPR. Bambarger (1993) and Anon (1993) illustrate employee involvement in the decision making through brainstorming potential solutions and by developing necessary skills to allow teams to make quick decisions. Hammer Champy (1993) elucidated on changing nature of job from simple tasks to multi-dimensional work, managers role from supervisors to coaches and executives evolves from scorekeepers to leader. Strategy Kaplan (2005) defines Strategy as: The positioning and actions taken by an enterprise, in response to or anticipation if changes in the external environment, intended to achieve competitive advantages. He concluded that strategic decisions are complex in nature, involve a high degree of uncertainty, and involve major changes. Johansson et al definition of the BPR drivers are of a strategic nature: Customers; Competition; Cost; Technology; Shareholders; Politics; Economics, Legislation, and Regulation [i.e. Environment] (headings in pp 37-49). One can see these relate to the Strategy definition given above. Johansson et al first task is to Discover the companys strategy and of what drives competitive advantage in a particular industry; the industrys value chain and the basis for competition, and how a particular company seeks to gain competitive edge (p87). Hammer Champy talk about the three Cs: Customers, Competition and Change (p17). Davenport (1993) advocates a Process Vision that is driven by Business Strategy (p127). BPR decisions, like Strategy decisions, are complex and involves a high degree of uncertainty ([BPR] is a complex undertaking and carries significant risk (Carey, 1993), and as noted under Systems and Structures, BPR involves major change. Style Style is the norms, dominant values and beliefs adopted by managers in their use of leadership (Kaplan, 2005). Hammer Champys New World of Work suggest managers to change from supervisors to coaches and executives to change from scorekeepers to leaders (Hammer Champy, 1993). Davenport (1993) also highlights that communication and commitment building must occur at all levels because changes incurred by process innovation are not only broad, but deep, extending from the vision of managers to the attitudes and behaviours of the lowest-level workers (Marjanovic, 2000). Considerable behavioural factor makes process innovation based change qualitatively distinctive from other forms of large scale restructuring. Process innovation involves immense change, not only in process flows and the culture surrounding them, but also in organisational power and controls (Davenport, 1993). Shared Values Shared values are the core or fundamental set of values that are widely shared in the organisation and serve as guidelines principles of what is important; vision, mission, and values statements that provide a broad sense of purpose for all employees (Kaplan, 2005). Successful reengineered business operations and individual belief systems need to be aligned with the specified beliefs of the organisation. Real value in an organisation is to be gained by looking at shared values that elevate above growth and profit objectives by connecting the ambitions of the organisation to innate human needs and principles (Ridder Wesselink, 2006). Reengineering entails as great a shift in the culture of an organisation as in its structural configuration. Reengineering demands that employees deeply believe they work for their customers, not for their bosses (Hammer Champy, 1993). The new process teams combined with shared values must believe in rewards, self-development and self-management centred on skills used. Critical Success and Failure factors of Business Process Reengineering There are a number of factors responsible for making a BPR process successful; simultaneously there are numbers of factors coexistent which can make BPR unaccepted in organization ultimately resulting in a complete negation of this process. Here is a discussion provided to elaborate on some of these factors so that it can be identified that which factor holds the bigger responsibility for a BPR to succeed or to fail. Success factors of BPR Among the chief success factors are aspiring objectives, a process approach and integration of electronic data processing (EDP), and the deployment of a creative team in problem solving (Peppard Fitzgerald, 1997). Ascari et al. (1995) emphasize four other elements in an organization with regard to successful BPR: Culture, Processes, Structure and Technology (Chang Powell, 1998). Ascaris analysis discovered that the enterprises that implemented BPR consented that its effect on the change of their culture was associated to the organisations reconsidering of its elementary business process. The concentration was also on recognising and enhancing core processes. Conversely, the extent and maturity of the business process architectures and the nature of changes within processes diverge within organisation. Furthermore, there must be substantial changes in structure, exclusively with stress on cross-functional work teams. The extent of the business process architectures is related to the study done by Maull et al. which showed the significant importance of this subject. He defined business process architectures as the definition of an integrated set of business processes (Maull, Weaver, Childe, Smar, Bennett, 1995). In 1999, Al-Mashari and Zairi underlined several facets of the critical success factors for BPR, including management proficiency and support, system composition, project management planning, change management and human resistance to change (Al-Mashari Zairi, 1999). According to Smith and Fingar (2002), BPR aims to achieve business performance and competitive advantage by applying innovative ways of doing business. Among few things, they stated to manage radical change efficiently comprises: communication is crucial to show support to the process change project and effective leadership to coordinate deployment of the resources to accomplish the strategic objectives (Smith Fingar, 2002). Further, to recognise the critical success factor of BPR in an organisation, it is essential to comprehend the organisation itself, since the factors may diverge viewing the type of organisation, including private or public. In the public sector, Hutton (1996) stressed several factors that need to be considered in order to implement BPR. These comprise swift dramatic changes in policy direction, rigid hierarchies, culture, multiple stakeholders, overlap of initiatives, wide scope of activities, and staff resistance that are crucial parts of public sector organisations (Hutton, 1996). However, he suggested that human issues should be considered for BPR to be performed in the public sector. This is supported by Smith and Finger (2002) who emphasized that communication at all levels becomes one of the critical elements here. According to the research done by (Berrington Oblich, 1995), it could be encapsulated that in order to implement reengineering, an organisation must understand it s composition first and ensure the vision was achieved. One of the significant points here is that commitment needs to be sustained and improved through communication. The employee concern rather than the technology concern is seen as vital to be dealt with and disciplined so as to make the change effort a success. The concern of culture becomes an imperative factor for BPR, which was further highlighted by Peppard and Fitzgerald (1997) who inspected the allocation of culturally based management procedures, namely BPR, making explicit reference to the German Organisation and cultural context. Their analysis determined that managers and employees as well should contribute their pledge for change. The conflict-free state will reflect on the sustainability of BPR in the long term. Other factors such as empowerment, culture, organisational circumstances and self-autonomy seemed to be significant for BPR to be effectively implemented. Hall et al. (1993) emphasized the depth factor which is related with shared values or culture in following BPR. This study identified six depth levers roles and responsibilities, measurements and incentives, organisational structure, IT, shared values and skills, which require change to enable successful reengineering. In an addition of methodology from the Hall et al . (1993) composition, Maull et al. (1995) concluded what the concerns are which fortify a BPR programme, by study commenced into a range of companies, located solely within the USA. Unstructured interviews took place with selected leading practitioners who had undertaken successful BPR projects and who were asked to share their experiences. The study was conducted with an individual or, more commonly with a team, which had overall responsibility for the BPR project within the organisation. There were five key issues in this study: scope of change, performance measures, information technology, human factors, and business process architecture. It is fascinating to observe and learn that human factors could become one of the sepping stones for the change to occur. The outcomes in Hall et al. (1993), Ascari et al. (1995), Maull et al. (1995), Hutton (1996), Peppard and Fitzgerald (1997), Al-Mashari Zairi (1999) and Smith and Finger (2002) underlined that Organisational culture and human resistance to BPR could lead to unproductive BPR projects. If the change has not been controlled and supervised carefully, employees would resist it, even it is a top-down approach, i.e. driven from the top. Failure factors of BPR Apart from the success factors, several authors also emphasized various failure factors in deploying BPR. Aggarwal (1998) stressed fiascos of BPR deployment, which were related to managers arrogance, resistance, crisis, expenditure, idea, etc. Hammer and Champy (1993) stressed some failure factors such as failure to have a process viewpoint, a rigid process that is not adaptable enough to be receptive to the requests and requirements, not linking workforce (i.e. bottom-up) in decision making, assigning someone that does not understand BPR, technology constraints, fabricating a project but concentrating on downsizing and cost diminution, processing an ineffectual team, and trouble with communication. Therefore, this research emphasized that reengineering is believed to commence with a new vision, mission and customers. Moreover, the scarcity of human resources, and insufficient IT competence and proficiency posed the main inconvenience in carrying out these programmes (Stoddard, Jarve npaa, Littlejohn, 1996). Other factors are the insufficient support from organisation members, absence of strategic vision, rigid organisational arrangement, and shortage of champion for BPR efforts (Ranganathan Dhaliwal, 2001). It is exciting to observe that, among erstwhile failure factors are poor top management support and human resources (Al-Mashari Zairi, 1999), people resistance to adopt (Stoddard et al., 1996; Peppard and Fitzgerald, 1997; Ranganathan and Dhaliwal, 2001), IT related problems (Al-Mashari and Zairi, 1999; Ranganathan and Dhaliwal, 2001; Smith, 2003), and ineffective BPR teams, lack of project management, and problems in communication (Al-Mashari Zairi, 1999). The point for reiterating with these critical factors is that without another kind of fundamental change, namely, a change in organizational culture, there is little hope of enduring improvement in organizational performance. Although the tools and techniques may be present and the change strategy implemented with vigour, many efforts to improve organizational performance fail because the fundamental culture of the organization-values, ways of thinking, managerial styles, paradigms, approaches to problem solving-remains the same (Quinn Cameron, 2006). Evaluating the above discourse it can be summarised to some extent that although there are numerous factors which make impact on BPR majority of them can be summed under the organizational culture umbrella and those who cant be listed under this head can be guided and impacted by the organizational culture dimension. So here onward the essence is to explore further this crucial dimension of BPR which not only impacts the success of BPR most but can guide it to the way of success. Conclusion Using McKinseys organisational model it was shown that a implementation of any change like BPR will impact on six of the organisational dimensions, and that it is driven by the seventh element i.e. Strategy. One can deduce then, that a full BPR programme will embrace significant organisational change. BPR is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes that result in dramatic improvements especially in meeting customer needs and other external strategic demands. Crucial to prosperous reengineering is not only the formulation of more effective and efficient BPR processes but orientation of organizational culture to support BPR. Since, shared values is placed at the heart of an organisation by McKinsey, one can also infer that a full BPR programme will incorporate substantial organisational culture change. To fully understand this repercussion, the subsequent chapter will investigate the literature on organisational and culture change. Organisational Culture Managing Organisational Change Introduction Previous chapter emphasised that reengineering is not sufficient to attain necessary change in an organisation. It had to be integrated with an overall approach to changing an organizations culture. All prosperous organisations have established something special that surpasses corporate strategy, market presence, or technological advantages. They have found the potential that exists in developing and supervising a unique corporate culture. The failure of reengineering occurred in most cases because the culture of the organization remained the same. Almost every highflying firm has established a unique culture that is visibly recognizable by its key stakeholders. This culture is sometimes shaped by the original founder of the organisation, for e.g. Disney or Microsoft (Schein, The Role of the Founder in Creating Organizational Culture, 1995). Sometimes it is established intentionally by management teams who decide to enhance their organisations performance in systematic ways, for e.g. , G.E or McDonalds (Karp, 2006). But, not all companies automatically acquire a robust and highly operative culture; henceforth further discussion would be on methodology for how to lead a culture change effort in an organization. The potential for professional subculture exists within any organisation employing professionals. Professionals entering an organisation bring with them a large range of cultural knowledge gained both from the wider society and from their professional training schools and previous work experiences. When they join an organisation and meet like professionals, then their previous cultural repertoire gets validated. Even a sole professional within an organisation will find support for his or her existing beliefs and interpretations through interaction with peers outside the organisation, reading professionals journals, and so forth. This sharing of experiences and belief leads to the development and maintenance of professional subcultures which compliments, conflict and counterbalance the primary organisational culture (Bloor Dawson, 1994). To comprehend how culture change can improve implementation of BPR and organisational capability, it is important that we make clear what is and isnt Organisational culture. A description of organizational culture and subculture will be first delivered followed by the clarification of methods for comprehending culture change in the context of organizations. Finally, employee response to cultural change will be described followed by process of initiating culture change is described which can be used in organizational development interventions. Organisational Culture Subculture There is no clear consensus of an organizational culture definition (Zammuto, Gifford, Goodman, 2000). However, many researchers tried to describe organisational culture as below: According to Quinn Cameron (2006), an organizations culture is revealed by what is valued, the dominant managerial and leadership styles, the language and symbols, the procedures and routines, and the definitions of success that make an organization unique. Culture has been an important concept in organisational study for a long period, but there remains significant range in how researchers observe and analyse culture (Martin, 2002). The anthropologist Kluckhohn (1949) defined culture as the set of habitual and traditional ways of thinking, feeling, and reacting that are characteristic of the ways a particular society meets its problems at a particular time (Price Chahal, 2006). Several academicians who have analysed culture and have frequently come up with considerably narrow definitions, or some have used these definitions and merged them into recent, more espousing definitions. For example, Schein define culture as: a pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way you perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems (Schein E. , 2004). Scheins definition highlights that culture is something not to do with individuals alone but with groups of people collectively, who through their skills together in the work surroundings, will construct an image of what the organisation is all about and how it carry out its purpose. This image is constructed by knowing how to perform for survival and advancement. Contrary, (Smircich, 1983), support analogous hidden features of beliefs and values, while (Thompson Luthans, 1990) emphasise the behavioural interpretation of organisational culture that is learning through both direct and indirect means. For example, employees observe how they are cared by management and how they infer management treating other people. Accor ding to above theory, two components of behaviour exists: the patterns which are internal opinions of how one should act and the norms which are external observable manifestations of the internal opinions. Ogbonna (1993) asserted that culture may have lost much of its meaning as academics and practitioners use culture to refer to any facet of organisations that does not offer itself to obvious explanation. Also, there is a strong tendency among researchers and practitioners towards viewing organizational cultures as unitary belief systems (Ogbonna Harris, 1998). According to this, homogeneity, harmony and unity are features of organization cultures, and cultural change is understood as an organization-wide transformation process, where the old unity is replaced by a new one (Martin, 2002). This is a common view, although cultural organization studies have provided plenty of reflection on the issue of how organizations are subject to different types of cultural divisions (Lindstead Grafton-Small, 1992). It has also been made clear that the organizational belief systems are not necessarily clearly articulated or internally consistent, but that they may at the same time include inconsis tent and ambiguous elements (Meyerson Martin, 1987). The claim goes that the unitary interpretation can only deliver information regarding beliefs that are usually held within the complete organization. This creates problems such as the inability to reveal subcultures and a multiplicity of views, the inability to handle inconsistencies and the inability to take into account ambiguity in organizational beliefs. But, many theorists such as Morgan (1986) and Sackmann (1992) call for a view of culture that is pluralist with the existence of subcultures (Harris Ogbonna, Employee responses to culture change efforts, 2005). There are many kinds or levels of culture that influence organizational and individual behaviour. At the widest level, a global culture, such as a world religions culture or the culture of the Eastern hemisphere would be the highest level (Quinn Cameron, 2006). At a less general level are national cultures or subgroup cultures such as gender-based cultures, ethnic gr oup cultures, occupational cultures, or socioeconomic group culture. Each of these cultures is generally reflected by unique language, symbols, and ethnocentric feelings. Still less broad is the culture of a single organization (Quinn Cameron, 2006). Subcultures are groups whose common characteristic is a set of shared norms and beliefs. In contrast to subgroups, subcultures need not form around existing subdivisions, such as departmental or functional groups (although they often do), nor do they need to be consciously or intentionally formed (Boisnier Chatman, 2003). The range and variety of subcultures is as diverse as the range and variety of existing organizational cultures. Siehl and Martin (1984) gave three categories of subcultures: orthogonal subcultures, enhancing subcultures and counter cultures. Orthogonal subcultures are those groups of organisational members who accept the dominant values but also hold the

Analysis of the Paul Cronan Case Essay -- Legal Analysis Discriminatio

Analysis of the Paul Cronan Case I. Legal Analysis, Issue 1 Issue: Does party bringing suit (Plaintiff – Paul Cronan) qualify under the ADA for disability? Rule: In Review of ADA and the principles set forth at that time, there are several relevancies to consider here. A disability is described as follows: â€Å"For purposes of nondiscrimination laws (e.g. the Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Section 188 of the Workforce Investment Act), a person with a disability is generally defined as someone who (1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more "major life activities," (2) has a record of such an impairment, or (3) is regarded as having such an impairment. Have a severe disability (or combination of disabilities) that has lasted, or is expected to last, at least 12 months or result in death, and which prevents working at a "substantial gainful activity" level. State vocational rehabilitation (VR) offices will find a person with a disability to be eligible for VR services if he or she has a physical or mental impairment that constitutes or results in a "substantial impediment" to employment for the applicant. Some of these definitions include words or phrases that have been the subject of lawsuits, as individuals, agencies, and courts try to clarify the terms used in some of these definitions of disability. If you want to find out if a particular disability or condition gives you certain rights, contact the federal or state agency To be found disabled for purposes of Social Security disability benefits, individuals must that enforces the law in question. If you want to find out if you qualify for a particular program or service, contact the federal or state agency that administers the program to find out the specifics of the disability definition they use.† This information is readily available on the World Wide Web at the following l ink: http://www.dol.gov/odep/faqs/federal.htm Analysis: Does the disease of AIDS/ARC/HIV qualify as a disabling condition under the ADA requirements? Is this disease and the effects it has on capacity for life activities a disability? Yes, now, since 1998, when the U.S. Supreme Court decided the case of Bragdon v. Abbott, the disease of HIV/AIDS does indeed qualify as a disability. However, this is legislation to late for Paul Cr... ...he hostile environment that was occurring was in direct relation to the violated privacy of Mr. Cronan. NET internal management it is believed could see for itself the exact nature of the harassment and fear problem. NET failed to recognize or react to either situation. It is imperative to understand that NET was liable for its employees but the employees, as individuals were also liable for their actions. NET lacked the system controls necessary to keep the company liability to a minimum on this issue. Usually with failures such as these, the system internal controls are this company is lacking the most. Ethical behavior among management is key to ethical behavior among employees. Overall Conclusions: After review of the legal and ethical implications associated with the Paul Cronan Case, we need to understand that the laws in place today to protect someone in Mr. Cronan’s situation were not in place at the time of incident. AIDS/HIV were not considered a disability until many years after this occurred. The Company NET did indeed violate the employee’s rights. NET compromised Mr. Cronan, both ethically and legally. Mr. Cronan was within his rights to file suit against NET.

A Literature Review of Health Promotion

Literature Review of Health Promotions Grand Canyon University NRS 429 September 12, 2010 Literature Review Traditionally the United States health care system has been sickness-oriented. However, in the last two decades, a new paradigm has emerged. This new paradigm emphasizes wellness rather than sickness. As a result in this change in focus, health promotion is now an integral part of the nursing profession. This research paper will review current literature from three professional sources relative to the nursing profession and health promotion.This paper will analyze: 1. How is health promotion defined? 2. What is the purpose of health promotion? 3. How has the role of a nurse changed as the result of the emphasis on health promotion? 4. How are nurses implementing health promotion? 5. Identify, compare and contrast the three levels of health promotion prevention. Health promotion simply stated are the activities and behaviors that help individuals stay healthy. These behaviors an d activities include self-responsibility, physical fitness, nutritional awareness and stress reduction and management.In their research for â€Å"Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing,† Smeltzer and Bare (2006) state â€Å"health promotion can be defined as activities that by accentuating the positive assist a person to develop those resources that will maintain or enhance well-being and improve the quality of life. It refers to the activities that a person does personally in the absence of symptoms in an attempt to remain healthy. These activities do not be assistance of a member of the health care team. (Smeltzer & Bare, 2006).Health promotion in the United States has a single purpose. That purpose according to Smeltzer and Bare (2006) is â€Å"to focus on the person's potential for wellness and to encourage him or her to alter personal habits, lifestyle and environment in ways that will reduce risk and enhance health and will being. † T he role of nurse’s has changed dramatically as a result of the emphasis on health promotion. Historically, nurses focused on the diagnosis and treatment of a disease, sickness or condition and emphasis on health promotion was nonexistent. However, today that has all changed.Nurses are now expected to expand their primary care services to include psychosocial nursing, advocacy, behavioral science, counseling and advocacy in addition to patient assessment, clinical diagnosis and patient-case management. In the article â€Å"Defining Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice: Expanding Primary Care Services,† Sherwood, Brown, and Wardell (1997) state â€Å"the role of the nurse practitioner continues to evolve in response to changing societal and health care needs as consumers in all settings seek increasing services†. (Sherwood, Brown and Wardell, 1997).Nurses implement health promotion strategies in a variety of ways. Due to the high level of credibility nurse’ s have with their patients, they greatly influence their patients with their passion. By emphasizing health promotion strategies such as self-responsibility, proper nutrition, exercise and stress management, nurses plant the seeds of wellness in the minds of their patients. While ultimately, it is up to the individual to make healthy changes in their lives, the role of the nurse practitioner plays a huge role in motivating individuals to adopt healthy habits.There are three levels of health promotion prevention. They are the primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. These levels are stages of the disease process during which preventive actions can be highly effective. Primary prevention focuses on preventing illness or trauma. An example of a primary prevention intervention would be an immunization. The objective of primary prevention strategies is to reach as many individuals (who may be at risk) as possible. The majority of health promotion programs in the United States are implemented at this level.According to Liburd, Collins, Giles, et al (2007) â€Å"In the decades since chronic illnesses replaced infectious diseases as the leading causes of death, public health researchers, particularly those in the field of health promotion and chronic disease prevention, have shifted their focus from the individual to the community in recognition that community-level changes will foster and sustain individual behavior change. † Secondary prevention emphasizes early detection and intervention against illnesses and disease.An example of a secondary prevention strategy would be a screening program. The objective of secondary prevention strategies is to limit the spread of infectious diseases as well as treat those individuals identified with a disease or condition before the illness fully develops. According to Peek, Cargill and Huang (2007) â€Å"health care interventions improved the quality of care for racial/ethnic minorities, improved health outcomes (such as diabetes control and reduced diabetes complications), and possibly reduced health disparities in quality of care. Tertiary prevention focuses on recovery and rehabilitation after a disease, condition or illness has occurred. The objective of tertiary prevention strategies is to prevent and limit further patient deterioration resulting from a sickness, condition or disease. Joseph Betancourt and Joan Quinlan (2007) state â€Å"The paradigm of personal responsibility for one’s health, which includes the responsibility of patients to follow their physician’s instructions and adhere to their treatment plan, now carries great weight among health care providers. A careful review of the literature presented strongly indicates the fact that nurses are key components in the health promotion phenomenon. Their influence can be identified every step of the way. Their roles have changed (expanded) significantly in the last ten years. Nurses are no longer limited to explaining to individuals how to get well but also how to remain healthy. The importance of this change cannot be understated. In the article ‘The Future Role of Nursing in Health Promotion† the authors Chiverton, Votava and Tortoretti (2003) state â€Å"never before has health promotion been more important than it is today.Nurses in education, practice, and research settings participate in the advancement of health promotion not only to the mainstream but to the forefront of nursing practice. Historically, nurse educators have taught patients how to manage illness; in the future, the focus must be on teaching people how to remain healthy. † (Chiverton, Votava and Tortoretti, 2003).

Crisis in Traditional Roman va essays

Crisis in Traditional Roman va essays There was a great crisis in traditional Roman values during the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. After the Punic Wars the traditional values of Rome fell by the wayside for a new way of life that eventually led to the Roman Empire. The Cincinnatus image, rise of violence in political life, and making allies with those who were conquered were lost in this transformation. Gone was the Cincinnatus image of the Roman farmers trading their hoes for swords. Before the Punic Wars one had to own property in order to serve in the army. The soldiers in the Roman army would be farmers by day and soldiers by night. They would sow their crops, go to the front lines, and then come back in the fall to harvest the crops. Unfortunately for them, when they left their farms for the battlefields during the Punic Wars it was the last time they saw it. During the years of the Punic Wars Hannibal and his elephants ravaged the land beyond belief and destroyed the countryside farms. When the farmers returned home after the wars they found their farms totally destroyed and unsalvageable and were forced to sell their farms to the Senatorial Aristocracy. The aristocracy in turn setup laitfundias with their new land and used slaves to farm the land. This left the farmers landless and jobless so they naturally headed to the city to seek employment. This system allowed the rich to become richer and the poor to become poorer widening the income gap. In addition this system was beginning to threaten the stability of the state. Soldiers signed up with whichever general that promised him land, booty, and glory (Rogers 161). This meant that soldiers were no longer loyal to the state, but to their general. Two of the generals that became powerful at this time (between 100 and 45 B.C.E.) were Sulla and Marius. These two generals used their armies for their own personal gain. As Appian stated in his article Absol...

Why did the USA become increasingly essays

Why did the USA become increasingly essays The main reason behind Americas involvement in Vietnam was its fear of communism spreading. It believed that something called the Domino Theory would take place in Vietnam spreading communism into Eastern Europe. They believed this because they had seen it happen. The Soviet Union had become communist during the First World War and had spread it to China. The Americans had just been fighting a war in Korea trying to combat communist rule and now the communists in Vietnam had just defeated the French army. America believed that if it was not stopped then communism would keep spreading. In 1954 a group called Vietminh lead by Ho Chi Minh defeated the French Army, which was occupying Vietnam at the time, Ho Chi Minh was a communist and although most people who supported it did so because it was opposing French rule not because it was communist American still believed that the Vietminh would bring communism to Vietnam and therefore had to be stopped. This lead to America first becoming involved in Vietnam because with the French defeated the future of Vietnam was uncertain so there was a peace conference in Geneva. At the Geneva Conference it was decided that Vietnam would be split in two up to the 17th parallel and elections would be held two years later and the country would be reunited again. America wasnt happy with this agreement and started supporting South Vietnams Government lead by a man called Ngo Dinh Diem. America got involved with the Diem Government because it believed that if they kept South Vietnam strong and anti communist then that would stop the domino theory from occurring. Unfortunately this didnt work. Diem was a vicious and cruel dictator who could never win over the support of the people like the communist had done in the North Vietnams countryside. When he first came into power he put an end to the Vietminh and any members still in South Vietnam. He automatically assumed th...

Instructions for a Common Activity. Preparing and Serving a Dinner for Assignment

Instructions for a Common Activity. Preparing and Serving a Dinner for 6 persons - Assignment Example Anyone would love their friends come over for dinner but at most times feel intimidated by the labor that goes into it. However, planning and preparation well ahead in advance not only makes hosting a dinner much easier but also a thrilling experience. Given below are the instructions of how to go about hosting a dinner for six persons. Instructions By following instructions step by step we not only find that a job becomes easier but it avoids a lot of confusion and makes it more methodical and systematic. Step -1 – Cleanliness is of utmost importance and therefore the kitchen, the dining table and the surroundings should be thoroughly cleaned with disinfectant. Step - 2 – Utensils and food stuff should be washed thoroughly before making use of them. Serving dishes should be washed well and dried with a clean towel before using them to serve. Step – 3 – The Menu should be made out well in advance and the ingredients for preparation should be purchased at l east a day ahead of the dinner and that includes even the desert. Step- 4 - Menu – Preparation of Chicken Fried rice, Chicken fry and Caramel custard. To serve – 6 persons Things needed – 2 Kgs. of chicken, 1 Kg. rice, 100 gms. each of carrot, beans and peas, 4 big onions, ? kg. tomatoes, saffron, ginger and garlic paste, spices, hot chilly peppers, ground pepper, oil, green coriander and salt to taste. For the Caramel custard we need 4 eggs, 2 cups of milk, 200 gms. of sugar and few drops of vanilla and a dash of nutmeg. Step 5 - Preparation 1. Chicken Fried rice: Wash the rice thoroughly and keep aside. Boil the chicken after washing with a little salt and ? teaspoon of saffron. Remove ? kilo and once again saute in a pan with either oil or ghee. When cool, shred and keep aside. Chop 2 big onions and 4 tomatoes and keep them covered in separate dishes. For the vegetables a grater could be made use of or chop them finely lengthwise after washing them. Heat 3 to 4 tablespoons of oil in a medium sized utensil and when hot enough put in the onions and fry till golden brown. Add ? a teaspoon of saffron and stir. Put in the tomatoes and diced vegetable and fry well. When cooked well put in the shredded chicken, some spices and diced chilly peppers with sufficient salt to taste. Cover and let it simmer well for 5 mins. Put in the washed rice and pour 10 cups of water. Cover with a lid and cook for another 15 mins. Serve while hot. Chicken Fried Rice 2. Chicken Fry: Heat 4 tablespoons of oil in a deep pan. Toss in the diced onions and fry till golden brown. Put in ? a teaspoon of turmeric powder and stir. Add15gms. of ginger - garlic paste and fry well. Put in 1 teaspoon of red chilly powder and ? a teaspoon of black pepper and fry them well. Toss in the diced tomatoes with sufficient salt and fry well. Finally add the pre-cooked chicken and mix well in the masala after adding sufficient salt. Cover the vessel and cook again for about 10 to 15mi ns. Garnish it with finely chopped green coriander leaves and serve while hot. Chicken Fry 3. Caramel Custard: In a baking dish heat 3 to 4 tablespoons of sugar till it melts and gets burnt and spreads evenly at the bottom and sides of the dish. In another dish beat the eggs, milk, sugar and Vanilla essence well till the sugar dissolves completely. Gently strain this mixture into the dish with the burnt sugar. Scrape a little nutmeg powder over the top of the mixture and cover the mouth of the deep pan with butter paper. Place this dish in a pressure cooker and cook for 10 mins. Serve while cool. Caramel Custard Caramel custard could also be served with ice-cream, strawberries or fresh fruit. www.ifood.tv/network/caramel_custard/photos How to set a Dining Table for 6 persons In order to make a good impression it is

The Global Significance of the Middle East Essay

The Global Significance of the Middle East - Essay Example The global significance of the Middle East in a broader sense is defined by religious, economic, and political factors. This religion has enormously contributed in past global civilizations. Its economic hub has benefited uncountable nations through the resources held in this region. Most importantly, the emergence and spread of Islam, and the rise of terrorism threats have placed Middle East at a critical global focus. A notable example here is the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the U.S2. Essentially, the political organization of the region has continued to inform the region’s global influence. The realized global significance of the Middle East is based on its strategic location, resources held, and its relations with the rest of the world. The region is rich in oil and natural gas, resources that drive a great deal of people’s lives globally. Its location also stands in a path that offers global connectivity through transport. Most importantly, linking of a number of countries in Middle East with terrorist activities has made the region significant to consider. Religious and political scrutiny of the region has attracted global attention. Middle East’s global significance has strained its ties and relations with some countries, while streamlining those of its allies. This has resulted in variant views and perspectives regarding this region. Proof of terrorism emanating from the region could justify such strained relations. However, global interdependence holds the significance of Middle East as a positive