Specific heat capacity laboratory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Specific heat capacity laboratory - Assignment Example substance by 1 degree which is obtained through the equation Q = m*C*∆T where ‘m’ refers to the mass of material, C is the specific heat and ∆T is the change of temperature. ∆T in Kelvins is the same in magnitude as ∆T in Celsius, hence, the specific heat for water may also be reported as 4.18 J/g-Â °C. Because the specific heat values for a given substance can vary slightly with temperature, the temperature is often precisely specified. (3) Record the initial temperature of water prior to heating. Switch on the electric kettle and note down temperature reading measured after every 15 seconds until the instant is reached when the water starts boiling. The units for the special heat capacity based on C = Q / (m∆T) is J kg-1K-1 and by mere inspection, the rated power consumption of the kettle is 2200 Watts (or JÂ ·s-1). Thus, the maximum amount of energy that the kettle can be expected to transfer to the water over a period of 15 seconds is 33,000 Joules which is the product of power consumed and time elapsed. Actual energy transfer may be less than this amount due to the energy lost through heating the kettle itself, the surrounding air, and even the noise which take up some dissipated heat in the process. Assuming complete energy transfer with a 100% efficient kettle, 2200*(t) = (200 grams)*(4.2 J g-1Â °C-1)*(100Â °C - 10Â °C) gives t = 34.36 seconds or the time it would take to get a 200-gram water to boil. The indicated form y = 0.462x + 27.34 translates to T = 0.462*t + 27.34. Clearly, the graph is a straight line, which plateaus at ~ 100 Â °C while the gradient remains constant (linear) with time until it reaches the boiling point. Slope approaches zero or gradient flattens when the kettle is boiling. The gradient of this graph is the specific heat capacity of water 4610 J*kg-1K-1 or 4.61 J*g-1K-1(using the data points. Apparently, this makes an overestimate when compared to literature value of 4.2 J*g-1K-1 due to energy dissipation in the

Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Essay Example for Free

Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Essay Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Michael Porter provided a framework that analyses an industry as being influenced by five forces. It has been suggested that management, attempting to establish a competitive marketing advantage over rivals, can use this model to understand the industry context in which the business operates and take appropriate strategic decisions. Threat of entry This means the ease with which other firms can join the industry and compete with existing businesses. The threat of entry is greatest when: economies of scale are low in the industry technology needed to enter the industry is relatively cheap istribution channels are easy to access, e. g. retail shops are not owned by existing manufacturers in the industry there are no legal or patent restrictions on entry The importance of product differentiation is low, so extensive advertising may not be required to get established. The power of buyers This refers to the power that customers have on the producing industry. For example, if there are four major supermarket groups that dominate this sector of retailing, their buyer power over food and other producers will be great. Buyer power will also be increased when: here are many undifferentiated small supplying firms, e. g. many small farmers supplying milk or chicken to large supermarket businesses the cost of switching suppliers is low Buyers can realistically and easily buy from other suppliers. The power of suppliers Suppliers will be relatively powerful compared with buyers when: the cost of switching is high, e. g. from PC computers to AppleMacs When the brand being sold is very powerful and well known, e. g. Cadbury’s chocolate or Nike shoes. Suppliers could realistically threaten to open their own forward-integration operations, e. g. offee suppliers open their own cafes. Customers have little bargaining power as they are small firms and fragmented, e. g. dispersed around the country as with independent petrol stations. The threat of substitutes In Porter’s model, ‘substitute products’ does not mean alternatives in the same industry such as Toyota for Honda cars. It refers to substitute products in other industries. For instance, the demand for aluminum for cans is partly affected by the price of glass for bottling and plastic for containers. These are substitutes for aluminum, but they are not rivals in the same industry. Competitive rivalry This is the key part of this analysis – it sums up the most important factors that determine the level of competition or rivalry in an industry. It is based on the other four forces which are why it is often illustrated in the center of the Five Forces diagram. Competitive rivalry is most likely to be high where: it is cheap and easy for new firms to enter an industry there is a threat from substitute products suppliers have much power Buyers have much power. Reference: http://classof1. com/homework-help/earth-science-homework-help/

The Conflict Management Styles Developed Psychology Essay

The Conflict Management Styles Developed Psychology Essay In this diagram developed by Thomas and Kilmann , the forcing/competing style is high in concern for self or simultaneously describes as high in assertiveness, which is epitomized to satisfy his personal needs under all circumstances even at the expense of others. This style is in contrast to the collaborating style, which is interested in long term and long lasting relationship and looks for solutions to meet the needs of all parties involved. The avoiding style is low in concern for self and is escapism to conflict. This style normally occurs when a party is neither interested in his own goals nor interested in maintaining relationship; he simply withdraws and does not want to deal with the conflict. The accommodating style deals with sacrificing of self-interests to satisfy the needs of others to resolve the conflict. Finally, compromising is the midpoint and struggles between cooperativeness(concern for others) and assertiveness (concern for self), and involves making concessions for both parties to arrive at a resolution of conflict. This where both parties are ready to listen to each other and willing to climb down from their expectation and sacrifice to achieve peace. However compared to Thomas and Kilmann model, Putnam and Wilsons (1982) divide the conflict management style model into three factors namely the non-confrontation (obliging), solution-oriented (integrating) and control (dominating). Putnam and Wilson (1982) state that non-confrontation or obliging strategies manage conflict indirectly, by simply avoiding disagreements or by minimizing controversial issues. Solution-oriented or integrating strategies manage conflict both by searching for cooperation, integrative solutions and by making compromises. Control, or dominating, strategies manage conflict by arguing persistently for their positions and using nonverbal messages to emphasize demands. Furthermore numerous researchers proposed revisions of the preceding frameworks, likewise Rahim and Bonomas (1979) conceptualization has been one of the most popular, with empirical evidence (e.g., Rahim Magner, 1995; van de Vilert Kabanoff, 1990) suggesting it to be most valid. Rahim and Bonoma (1979) differentiated the styles of resolving interpersonal conflict on two basic dimensions: concern for self and concern for others. The first dimension explains the degree (high or low) to which a person attempts to satisfy their own concerns, while the second dimension explains the degree to which an individual tries to satisfy the needs or concerns of others. And the combination of these two dimensions, results in five specific styles of conflict management, known as integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding and compromising. Some researchers like (Blake Mouton, 1964; Likert Likert, 1976) have also criticized and suggested that successful conflict management needs specific styles to resolve conflict situations; for example, that the integrative or problem-solving style is most appropriate for managing all conflict. Other researchers such as (Rahim Bonoma, 1979; Thomas, 1992) have indicated that for conflicts to be managed most effectively, one style is more appropriate than the other, based on the kind of situation. According to Gross and Guerrero (2000), the effectiveness of individuals is perceived based on which conflict management styles they choose to incorporate. They discovered that an integrative conflict management style is generally perceived as the most appropriate (in terms of being both a polite, prosocial strategy, and an adaptive, situational appropriate strategy) and most effective style. The dominating style is perceived as inappropriate, and the obliging style as neutral. The avoiding style was generally perceived as both ineffective and inappropriate. Finally, compromising was perceived as a relatively neutral style. Authors high concern for self low c concern for others intermediate concern of both self and others high concern for self high c concern for others low concern for self low c concern for others low concern for self high concern for others Follet (1940) Domination Compromise Integration Avoidance Suppression Blake and Mouton (1964) Forcing Compromising Problem-Solving Withdrawing Smoothing Thomas and Kilmann (1974) Competing Compromising Collaborating Avoiding Accommodating Rahim and Bonoma (1979) Dominating Compromising Integrating Avoiding Obliging Putnam and Wilson (1982) Control _ Solution-oriented Non-confrontation _ Figure 2: shows an overview of the different conflict management styles developed by various authors. 2.3.1 Characteristics of Conflict Management styles Although there has been a plethora of research which has been conducted to drive the essence of the conflict management styles, it was observed that many of the derived styles have specific attributes or characteristics that set them apart to deal with a particular group of people or individuals posited more precisely by their behavioral conflict strategies (Follet 1940). They are all different by virtue and respond differently to specific situation. In this study we are going to scrutinize first and foremost the characteristics of each conflict management styles and formulate on what basis the choice of peoples conflict management styles is influenced. This research follows Thomas and Kilmann (1974) model, which is organized around two dimensions cooperativeness and assertiveness. Combinations of these dimensions lead to five modes of handling conflict: Avoiding style Be it an avoiding style, withdrawing, or non-confrontation, this style is characterized with low concern for self (assertiveness )and low concern (cooperativeness) for to others, in other words this style wants to emphasize that it is neither assertive nor cooperative and usually stay away from issues which are linked to a conflict. This style makes us believe that conflict is difficult to break and the best way is to withdraw physically or psychologically for a conflict rather than facing it. De Dreu, (1997), Hocker Wilmot, (1998) advocate that avoiding is most often associated with negative substantive outcomes and that issues which consider this style are not resolved ,and usually become more serious over time especially in case where there are strong relationships between parties strongly tied through feelings, emotions and actions. Besides Gross and Guerrero (2000) is perceived to be of similar view as (De Dreu, 1997; Hocker Wilmot, 1998). Gross and Guerrero (2000) relate the avoiding conflict style as being situationally and relationally inappropriate, as well as ineffective, when it comes to achieving personal and dyadic outcomes. Hence many of these authors argue that avoiding can be effective in the short run, but perceived of having negative effects in the long run. In this regard if we consider avoiding in the short term, it can be concluded that it is the most dominating style compared to other styles. In combination with other conflict behaviors such as comp eting, avoiding certain issues can undoubtedly contribute to effectiveness. For example if we temporarily leave the conflict to cool down and reconsider our previous position before the conflict aroused, therefore avoiding can contribute to effectiveness (Van de Vliert 1997). In this style people who are willing to give up both personal goals and relationships withdraw from the conflict. When the question of adopting the avoiding style is raised to a group, members will avoid the actual conflict and become outside observers. By listening to the input on an observation basis, the group can gain invaluable feedback on emergent points of discussion, as well as team members behaviours can hamper resolution. Competing style The competing style whether we call it forcing, dominating or control is epitomized by high concern for self (assertive) and low concern (cooperative) for others. The main characteristics of the competing style is that it usually keep track with personal goals, always ready to win and they assume conflicts are usually a win/lose game and winning gives them a sense of pride and achievement. Based on the assumptions made by Van de Vliert, (1997) it is most likely that the competing style is the result of a negative relationship between conflicting parties. In this sense people that adopt this style can bring progress to a group that lacks direction or is landed in a debate. Similarly Sorenson, Morse, Savage, (1999) agree with the view of Van de Vliert, (1997) and advocate that competing will usually not improve a relationship. Although it was found in some studies, individuals can achieve important outcomes or results through forcing behavior De Dreu Van de Vliert, (1997); Rahim, (1992); Thomas, (1992), other research have suggested that the quality of the results substantially decreases with increased forcing behavior (Van de Vliert et al., 1995). Furthermore Gross and Guerrero (2000) argue that dominating behavior is relationally inappropriate and there is little chance for it to be effective. We therefore conclude that the effect of dominating behavior on real outco mes is very lean and will cause the breakdown of social relationship. Accommodating style The accommodating style also known as the obliging, smoothing, suppression shows low concern for self (assertiveness) and high concern (cooperativeness) for others. The characteristics posed by this style is mainly associated with those people who want to be accepted and liked by others, and in this position they think that conflict should be avoided and maintaining the harmony that exist between parties is of prior importance. With the accommodating style it is very important put aside personal grudge or goals and look for a common ground of understanding where we are bound to satisfy firstly the other parties expectation. They also think that we cannot deal with a conflict without damaging a relationship. According to (Van de Vliert et al., 1995) the accommodating style means giving in to others parties wishes and does not have specific contribution to the level of effectiveness. This style is not likely to produce important outcomes, as it matters that the quality of decision making decreases with an increase in the accommodating behavior by one or by both parties (Mastenbroek, 1989; Papa Canary, 1995). However some authors suggest that the accommodating style contributes mostly to the interpersonal relationship (Papa Canary, 1995; Rahim, 1992). While Gross and Guerrero (2000) emphasiesed that accommodating is perceived as being neither relational nor situationally appropriate, nor effective and conclude that this behavioural style is more likely to be favorable. Collaborating style The collaborating style named by various model as being an integrative style, solution oriented, problem solving drive particular attention to high concern for self (assertiveness) and high concern (cooperativeness) for others. Its main characteristics is that it takes too long trying to find consensus and it is usually not satisfied until it finds a solution that achieve the goals and resolves any negative feelings and can as well irritate others as a result of their behaviors when they are on the verge to seek for perfection in a consensus. (Van de Vliert et al 1995) argue that this style places high value on relationships and goals which are both assertive and cooperative. Parties adopting this style are likely to collaborate to accomplish their objectives. They view conflict as problems to be solved and as a way to improve relationships with each other. This style is termed as having a positive effect on the end result of a conflict management style while having negative effect on relational outcomes. Authors like (Fisher, 1997; Turner Pratkanis, 1997) suggest that the collaborating style is used to define and analyze conflict issues. In contrast, (Euwema, 1992; Van de Vliert, et al., 1995) state that collaborating behavior eventually make complex interpersonal relation at stake and make negative contribution to the end result. Hence (Euwema, 1992) declared that when interpersonal relations are at risk people will undoubtedly hesitate to confront others. Compromising style The compromising style is based on intermediate concern for both the self (assertiveness) and others (cooperativeness). One of its characteristics is that it is a flexible and adaptive style, and goes for splitting the difference between parties, exchanging grounds of understanding. People who consider this style place medium value on goals and relationships and believe firmly on a compromise basis. They spend long time for looking for solution but not yearning for perfection. The compromising style satisfy only some of the parties needs and some authors like (De Dreu, Evers, Beersma, KIuwer, Nauta, 2001; Van de Vliert, 1997) delineate compromising as half hearted problem solving.Pruitt and Carnevale (1993) argue that a compromise is associated with a strong conciliatory tendency, coupled with moderate concern for self. (Gross Guerrero, 2000) advocate that compromising was found to operate highly on relational appropriateness and less effective to situational level. Unlike the various conflict management styles developed by researchers to resolve team conflict, it is often contented that a matter will be resolved easily if the right conflict management style is applied to. Likewise the selection of the proper conflict management style is not shaped by the choice of will by the parties involved but rather on various external factors that come to influence the choice of the conflict resolution style. These factors are mainly related to the culture (language and thinking patterns) of group members, their gender, emotions and their age group.

Carowinds Versus the Pavilion :: essays research papers

Carowinds Versus the Pavilion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whenever considering what amusement park you would like to attend to, you look for the one with the best rides, atmosphere, admission. Carowinds is a better amusement park than The Pavilion when considering types of rides, atmosphere, and cost of admission.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carowinds is compiled of many gravity-defying rides. Top Gun: The Jet Coaster is the Carolinas’ only inverted steel roller coaster. While on the ride, you are hurled through six swirling inversions while in the air. The Vortex is a stand-up roller coaster that takes you on a 50 m.p.h. series of loops and drops. Drop Zone Stunt Tower is a ride where you can experience the rush of gravity as you descend sixteen stories in seconds and falls at 56 m.p.h. to safety. The Carolina Cyclone is a steel coaster that spins you through four 360-degree loops and a 450-degree uphill helix. Thunder Road is a twin-racing roller coaster takes you backward and forward through North and South Carolina. The Xtreme Skyflyer is a ride that gives you the thrill of hang gliding with the suspense of skydiving as you are hoisted 153 feet in the air then pull a ripcord that plunges you into a 50-feet free fall at 60 m.p.h. The atmosphere of Carowinds is very live and exciting. While you walk through the park, you can hear miles and miles of laughter, music, and screams. The intense smell of Chinese food, barbecue, French fries, and funnel cake just makes your hunger crave for it and your mouth water. From my experiences, it is always sunny and cool. By the sun being so bright, it brought out the ambiance of the entire park by showing the bright colors. The general admission at Carowinds, which includes the cost to get in and unlimited riding of rides, is children ages two and under free, seniors, sixty and up, and children, three to six, $26.99, and adults, seven to fifty-nine, $38.99.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rides at The Pavilion are not as adrenaline rushing as the rides at Carowinds. Top Spin is a lot like a Ferris wheel and a boat in one. While one part of the ride is going back and forth in a rocking motion, the seat of the ride is turning 360 degrees high in the air. Mad Mouse is a small roller coaster, but full of speed. It is like being strapped to the back of a mouse while it is running away from a predator.

Celebrities and Role Model

1. â€Å"Celebrities have a tremendous influence on the young, and for that reason, they have a responsibility to act as role models. † I agree with the opinion that the celebrities have a responsibility to act as role models. Celebrities have a special talent that most average people can not do; they are athletes, actors, actresses, and singers. They have seen and heard by millions through television, movies, radio, and the internet. And they may be inspiring to the young who dream of singing, or acting, celebrities have the spotlight on them because of their high status. In addition, they are not treated like normal people because they have money, fame, and glory. Their popularity is worldwide, and there are millions of children look up to them. Role models can affect children life in so many ways. The young are following the celebrities not only their dress, but also the behaviors and attitude. For example, the children will want to try the smoking and drinking if the celebrities are always appearance themselves as smoker or drunker. On the other hand, if the celebrities are doing things for the environment, politician, and making the changes for the better will effect and enhance the children to have brighter mind and well-manner. Charles Barkley, a former star on the Phoenix Suns, once said, â€Å"I am not a role model. Just because I dunk a basketball doesn't mean I should raise your kids. † Even through, celebrities have a tremendous influence on the young, I also believe that it is the parents’ responsibility to discuss the celebrities’ culture and keep the communication open with children.

Explore the Basic Fundamentals of Physics

Explore the Basic Fundamentals of Physics Physics is a systematic study of the natural world, particularly the interaction between matter and energy. It is a discipline that attempts to quantify reality through a precise application of observation coupled with logic and reason. In order to make use of such a discipline, you must first understand certain fundamentals. Only by learning the basics of physics can you build upon it and dive deeper into this field of science. Whether you are pursuing  a career in physics or merely interested in its findings, it certainly is fascinating to learn about. What Is Considered Physics? To begin the study of physics, you must first understand what physics actually means. Understanding what falls within the realm of physics- and what does not- helps focus the field of study so you can formulate meaningful physics questions. Behind every question in physics lies four very important terms  you will want to understand:  hypothesis, model, theory  and law.   Physics can be either experimental or theoretical. In experimental physics, physicists  address a scientific problem using techniques such as the scientific method in an attempt to prove a hypothesis. Theoretical physics is often more conceptual in that physicists are focused on developing scientific laws, such as the theory of quantum mechanics.   These two forms of physics are related to each other and connected to other forms of scientific study. Quite often, experimental physics will test the hypotheses of theoretical physics. Physicists themselves can specialize in a variety of fields, from astronomy and astrophysics to mathematical physics and nanotechnology. Physics also plays a role in other fields of science, such as chemistry and biology. The Fundamental Laws of Physics The goal of physics is to develop precise models of physical reality. The best case scenario is to develop a series of very fundamental rules to describe how these models function. These rules are frequently called laws after they have been used successfully for many years. Physics is complicated, but it does fundamentally rely  on a number of  accepted laws of nature. Some are historical and groundbreaking discoveries in science. These include  Sir Isaac Newtons Law of Gravity  as well as his Three Laws of Motion.  Albert Einsteins Theory of Relativity  and the  laws of thermodynamics  also fall into this category. Modern physics is building off those monumental truths to study things such as quantum physics which explores the invisible universe. Similarly, particle physics seeks to understand the smallest bits of matter in the universe. This is the field where strange words like quarks, bosons, hadrons, and leptons enter the scientific dialogue that makes headlines today. The Tools Used in Physics The tools that physicists use range from the physical to the abstract. They include balance scales and laser beam emitters as well as mathematics. Understanding this wide range of tools and the methods for applying them is essential to understanding the process that physicists go through in studying the physical world. The physical tools include things like  superconductors  and synchrotrons, which are used to create intense magnetic fields. These can be applied in studies like the Large Hadron Collider or practically in the development of magnetic levitation trains. Mathematics is at the heart of physics and is vital in all fields of science. As you begin to explore physics, fundamentals such as using significant figures  and going beyond the basics of the metric system will be important. Math and physics go much deeper as well and concepts like vector mathematics  and the mathematical properties of waves are crucial to the work of many physicists. Historys Famous Physicists Physics does not exist in a vacuum (even though some physics is practiced in an actual vacuum). The forces of history have shaped the development of physics as much as any other field in history. Quite often, it is useful to understand the historical perspectives which led to our current understanding. That includes the ​many incorrect paths that were faltered along the way. It is also useful and intriguing to learn about the lives of the famous physicists of the past. The ancient Greeks, for instance, combined philosophy with the study of natural laws and are particularly known for an interest in astronomy. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Galileo Galilei further studied, observed, and experimented with the laws of nature. Though he was persecuted in his time, he is regarded today as the father of science (coined by Einstein) as well as modern physics, astronomy, and observational science. Galileo inspired and was followed by famous scientists like Sir Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Richard P. Feynman, and Stephen Hawking. These are just a few of the names of physics history that have shaped our understanding of how our world works. Their abilities to challenge accepted theories and devise new ways of looking at the universe have inspired physicists who continue to achieve scientific breakthroughs.

Litter problem essay Essays

Litter problem essay Essays Litter problem essay Essay Litter problem essay Essay As a proposal to help with the littering problem on campus, I suggest more trashcans in the parking lots and other high trafficked areas, some motivational propaganda to promote awareness of litter problem and arsenal student initiatives to help keep campus clean. Lets look a little more at the main reasons people give for why there is litter on campus. The first reason given is laziness, they dont feel like walking to a trashcan to throw away their garbage this is also a lack of motivation. Some think that since there is maintenance it is their job to pick up trash anyway so they are helping provide them a job. Also they let it pile up in their car or they throw it in the back of their truck and the valid blows it out of the vehicle. Another reason given for littering is the lack of available trashcans in a parking lot or other high traffic areas. As a cause of this Students, Patrons, and visitors just throw their trash in the parking lot instead off trashcan. As Mr.. Ray Gillespie has said a big problem as far as littering is from the movement of trash as its being collected. Trash often ends up flying out the back of the Gators that are used to transport trash bags collected in between buildings and from dumpsters as they are being emptied by the garbage trucks. My Proposal to help with the litter problem on campus is to first provide more trashcans in and around the parking lots and high trafficked areas. The trashcans should be highly visible, so bright attention grabbing colors would be preferable, so as to encourage people to use them. Another way to help with the litter problem is to create awareness of the problem using motivational propaganda, such as posters, bulletins and other signage. Also by having clean up days that involve students and faculty, especially clubs that are on campus this will help create more awareness. A possible way to encourage student involvement as well would be the possibility of incentives. The incentives could range from a free lunch to extra credit in one of their classes if the teacher is willing. In conclusion, to help with the litter problem on campus, we need to find ways to encourage students to have a personal incentive to keep the campus clean. Create motivational propaganda to create awareness of the litter problem. Provide more trashcans and make them visible to encourage students, patrons, and visitor: to throw trash in trashcans instead of on the ground.

The Commonly Confused Words Bathos and Pathos

The Commonly Confused Words Bathos and Pathos The words bathos and pathos are related in meaning as well as in sound, but theyre not interchangeable. Definitions The noun bathos refers to an abrupt and often ludicrous transition from the elevated to the ordinary (a form of anticlimax), or to an excessively sentimental demonstration of pathos. The word bathos  (adjective form, bathetic) almost always has a negative connotation. The noun pathos  (adjective form, pathetic) refers to a quality in something experienced or observed that evokes sympathy and a feeling of sorrow. Examples The director had clearly decided to confront us with the gruesome detail of the massacre, but the sight of artificial dismembered limbs, human torsos dangling in  trees, and blood-stained cavalry men riding about brandishing human legs and heads,  that all clearly had the weight of polystyrene, made his intentions ridiculous.  The entire cinema burst out laughing as the film  descended into bathos. We expected the gruesome and got the bizarre instead.(John Wright, Why Is That So Funny? Limelight, 2007)The  pathos  of the  Frankenstein  legend is that the monster has some traits of humanity remaining within him.Mr. Moretti has a habit of crossing the line from pathos to bathos, but he imbues this  movie [Mia Madre] with such honest sentiment  that he can evoke a lifetime of feeling with just the shot of an empty chair.(Manohla  Dargis, New York Film Festival Walks the Tightrope Between Art and Commerce. The New York Times, September 24, 2015) Usage Notes Dont confuse bathos with pathos. Bathos, the Greek word for depth, is a descent from the sublime to the ridiculous. You commit bathos if, for example, you ruin a stately speech by ending it with some tasteless anecdote. The adjective is bathetic, like pathetic, the adjective for pathos, the Greek word for suffering. Bathos is commonly misused as the equivalent of sloppy sentimentality.(John B. Bremner, Words on Words: A Dictionary for Writers and Others Who Care About Words. Columbia University Press, 1980)Pathos is the quality of something, such as speech or music, that evokes a feeling of pity or sorrow: The mother told her tale with such pathos that tears came to the eyes of many present. Bathos is either insincere pathos or a descent from the sublime to the ridiculous: The play was rather moving in places, but the episode where the two take a shower together was pure bathos.(Adrian Room, Dictionary of Confusable Words. Fitzroy Dearborn, 2000)Pathos occurs when a feeling of pity, compassion or tenderness towards a character or situation is evoked in the reader. Pathos will be usually felt towards a hero, an admired character or a victim. The group victims of a disaster will also frequently engender pathos. The undeserved or early death of a character is a subject for pathos. If we have cried over some incident in a book we have experienced pathos. Think of the death of Ophelia in Hamlet and notice how it is Gertrudes speech about a young girls death which is the means by which Shakespeare induces pathos...The writer must always strike a careful balance with such scenes if pathos is to be achieved. Even good writers can sometimes go over the top into bathos, when an incident or character that should have aroused compassion veers toward the absurd or ludicrous. Dickens in The Old Curiosity Shop clearly meant the death of Little Nell to arouse pathos and for the most part it did with his contemporary readers. Many modern readers though find the overblown descri ption almost laughable.(Colin Bulman, Creative Writing: A Guide and Glossary to Fiction Writing. Polity Press, 2007) Practice (a) The pat ending of Beauty and the Beast disregards the dark undercurrent of genuine _____ and suffering that had made the Beast so endearing.(b) Don Gibsons . . . specialty  became the tearjerkin country ballad, although many of his recordings were so drenched in self-pity that they crossed the line into pure _____.(Richard Carlin,  Country Music: A Biographical Dictionary. Routledge, 2003) Scroll down for answers below: Answers to Practice Exercises: (a) The pat ending of  Beauty and the Beast  disregards the dark undercurrent of genuine  pathos  and suffering that had made the Beast so endearing.(b) Don Gibsons . . . specialty  became the tearjerkin country ballad, although many of his recordings were so drenched in self-pity that they crossed the line into pure  bathos.(Richard Carlin,  Country Music: A Biographical Dictionary. Routledge, 2003)

Business in europe Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business in europe - Case Study Example It is home to some of the world known scholars who have made great contribution to the modern world of education. Greek is a member of the European Unions after joining in 1981. It also a member of the Economic and monitory union of the Europe union which it joined in 200. It is also a member for NATO which it joined in 1952 and OECD since 1961. Greek is credited to be the home of civilization in Europe. This happened in the Aegean Sea which has been shown as the home to the first civilization in Europe. The Minoa civilization in the Crete and Mycenae civilization happened later in the mainland of Greece which emerges with Greek cities of Peninsula and spread to other parts of Europe. At the same time Greece has been able to develop a world class economy. Ti has one of the growing economies in Europe which it has been able to sustain since 1950s. There has been a major shift in the economic constant of Greek for all that time. It has shifted from agrarian economy to a technology driven economy recently. The country has developed a capitalist economy with a GDP of more the $305.595 billion as per the 2006 data. The country has diversified economic activities including tourism, shipping industry, banking, manufacturing and construction, and telecommunications. The country has also been resettled as regional hub for many developing multination companies as they try to venture in the three continents where Greek sits at a juncture. The country has been able to develop a standard economy and there has been an emerging middle class in the country. It has been raked 24th in the 2006 HDI on the quality of life index. According to the IMF, the country has a per capital income of $35,166 which has been places at the same level with other European countries like Germany, France, Italy and others.A historical review of Greece economy Since 1950, Greece stared economic reforms which were aimed at ensuring that the country developed a sustainable economic development plan. From 1950, the country began transforming its economy from an agrarian economy to service and manufacturing industry. Even if there was a slow progress in the economic performance at that time, the government was able to sustain a standard 7% economic growth rate from 1950 to 1970 which has been described as a the economic miracle of the time. At the same time, the government came up with economic policies which were aimed at attracting foreign investors in the country in order stir that economy. Government economic policy there was at the time targeting foreign investors, state intervened in the economic planning and the growth too of tourism. The tourism sector became a major player in the economic growth of the nation. After three decades of economic miracle the economy again stagnated in 1979 and since then it has been struggling to resume it earlier growth without necessarily causing increased inflation rate. (CIA World Fact book, 2006) Until the mid 1970s, the govern policies in Greece had been aimed at ensuring that there was principle look at the growing agriculture and industry sectors, controlling the prices of goods an services and the rate of inflation, improving the financial status of the operating firms, development of natural resources and the creation

Virtue Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Virtue Ethics - Essay Example s of character make one a good man?† According to Christianity, morality is divine command; the fact of applying reason in identifying what’s moral and what isn’t. Jesus was on different occasions asked if there was a particular right way of doing things, like the proper method of worship, or what to do to gain eternal life. In His responses to all such questions, Jesus said there were no specific ways of doing things right; that there were not set of rules or laws. Renaissance came up with moral law, which is what determined the right or wrong thing to do. Many later day philosophers, such as Anscombe (1958), have disagreed with the renaissance view, insisting there shouldn’t be any law because, in any case, there can’t be a law without a lawgiver. Virtues are defined by Aristotle as character traits manifested in habitual action. He says no virtue exists in the extremes. Rather, virtue comes in between the two extremes. For instance, courage comes in between cowardice and foolhardiness. In both Christianity and philosophy, virtue ethics is not dictated by any set of laws. In both cases, virtue ethics is not in what one does or their action, but rather lies in their

Small & Medium Sized Enterprises in an International Environment Essay

Small & Medium Sized Enterprises in an International Environment - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper are small and medium sized businesses that are imperative to the economy of a country mainly for their roles in job creation, innovation and technological advancement. In recent years, small start-up and even smallest of businesses, particularly those from the high-technology industries are internationalizing at an increased rate. Most of the small businesses are launched with a plan of conducting cross-border business activities. Within the free trade zone of European Union, more efforts are put in to unite the countries both economically and politically and this transition has made tremendous changes in the international business contexts. For small and medium sized businesses, it has become easier for them to broaden their business activities globally, bringing newer opportunities as well as threats. Basically, there are three approaches to the internationalization of small businesses; they are stage approach, network approach and the born global approach. Stage approach states that internalization of small businesses occurs gradually from the domestic marketing through the export as primary mode of entry to another country. The network approach states that internalization of small businesses occurs through developing successful networks of business relationships to facilitate global business operations. Born Global firms are those small businesses that are launched with cross-border business activities in mind. ... ternalization of small businesses occurs through developing successful networks of business relationships to facilitate global business operations (Hynes, 2010, p. 90). Born Global firms are those small businesses that are launched with cross-border business activities in mind (Longenecker, Moore, Petty and Palich, nd, p. 443). In recent years, small businesses that are launched with a view to gradually internationalize the firm’s activities and this has tremendously impacted the roles that are played by the small business in international business contexts. Importance of Small Businesses in International Business Contexts Small Businesses as Engine for Job Creation Out of the 30.23 million businesses in the United States, around 99.7 percent as accounted to be 30.14 million are considered as small businesses (Scarborough, 2011, p. 23). Though they are generally termed as ‘small’ as they employ fewer than 100 employees their contribution to the economy is greater both nationally and internationally. Small and medium sized businesses employ more than 51 percent of the nation’s total private sector workforce, but the assets these small businesses posses are considerably less than big multinational and other businesses (Scarborough, 2011, p. 23). Small businesses are critically important to the economy of a country and the international economy in general due to the roles it plays such as job creation, innovation, long term growth etc. Malchow-Moller, Schjerning and Sorensen (2009, p. 16) asserted that entrepreneurs, especially of the small businesses, are widely believed to play pivotal roles in terms of job creation and wage growth. The father of entrepreneurship, Schumpeter, explained this concept through ‘creative destruction’ as entrepreneurship replace

Baseball in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Baseball in the United States - Essay Example Americans were not used to aristocracy and as a result, they had to choose from a wide range of activities that made them happy. It is of paramount importance to note that baseball can be played by everyone regardless of age, sex, or gender as opposed to soccer, which must be played by physically fit players. Although baseball balls are cheaper than soccer balls, the latter involves more players and spectators because it is played in an open space (Guttmann, 2012). Most modern sports are timed, but baseball can go on if there is competition because the weaker team tries its best to retire the better side. This makes baseball more interesting to American society because everybody is involved. American society is used to have a democratic way of life and they find this in baseball. Although admirers of golf, soccer, and football believe that the games are democratic, baseball fans see it as the most democratic game the world has ever seen. European and other societies view baseball as a boring game because of the interruptions, which occur during the game, but it has to be understood that the interruptions give the spectator enough time to calculate the arithmetic involved in the game. This is unlike other games such as soccer and football, which are continuous (Guttmann, 2012). According to Ross (2012), baseball is a pastoral game that creates a feeling of harmony to the spectator; it is worth noting that the game takes one from the bustle and hustle of city life to a traditional setting.  

The Operations of E-Cab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Operations of E-Cab - Essay Example On the other hand, the production process refers to the manufacturing process or system involved in the production of goods and services. Consequently, the goods and services represent the desired packaged product. Therefore, considering the operations within E-Cab Company, the input resources would correspond to the raw materials required for the assembly of the cabs. These include posts and cross nails, paint and cross members (Johnson, Chambers, Harland, Harrison, and Slack, 2003:494). Consequently, the production process would correspond to the manufacturing process involved in the production of cabs, including all the quality checks involved in the entire process. Finally, the cabs produced to represent the finished product desired by the customer such as the Nokia company. According to Render and Heizer (1994:198), the manufacturing process requires an operational process. An operation process underlines the crucial decisions undertaken in the transformation of resources into products and services. Consequently, the objective of the operation process is the prompt and effective production of the desired goods and services (Heizer, 2010:198). Therefore, the transformation process incorporates the fundamental management model. This process involves operations strategy, design, planning and control, and, finally, improvement. All these processes are intertwined to produce the desired strategy in regard to operations. However, in order to understand this process, one has to consider the Hayes and Wheelwright model. Therefore, as regards E-Cab Company, its manufacturing system lacked in quality as a result of poor operational systems. This was a result of a deficiency in two crucial transforming resources: facilities and personnel.  

Aim of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Aim of education - Essay Example At the start ÃŽ ¿f Early-Modern Britain, schooling was very limited in its form. Education was not as widespread as it was towards the end ÃŽ ¿f the period. Education was normally limited to the Royalty and Nobility. Not through legislation but the expense ÃŽ ¿f private tuition and lack ÃŽ ¿f other established educational institutions. Private tutors were the educators ÃŽ ¿f British Society in Medieval times. Tutors were academics that taught children in their homes. Tutors sometimes lived with their students and became tutor-companions ÃŽ ¿f the students. This mode ÃŽ ¿f education was clearly out ÃŽ ¿f reach to a large proportion ÃŽ ¿f the population. The other previous form ÃŽ ¿f limited education was related to the religious orders ÃŽ ¿f the time, within monasteries. This was very limited due to the numbers that the church could take and provide employment for. After a time several other types ÃŽ ¿f schooling established themselves in British Society. At the start ÃŽ ¿f Early-Modern Britain there were several modes ÃŽ ¿f schooling developing. These included groupings such as Independent Schools, Song Schools and alas, grammar schools. Independent schools for example had a single headmaster that ran classes from his own home and drew his students from the local community. Some Headmasters ran boarding schools that were designed for students to live and study in. These forms ÃŽ ¿f schools deviated from the previous form ÃŽ ¿f education, the private tutor. Endowed schools arose from several communities and towns. The municipal councils often sponsored these endowed schools. This sometimes allowed for free or subsidised education for all young boys (and some girls) who lived in the community. Young girls however, were seldom taught in the town in which they lived. The purpose ÃŽ ¿f the education was to train future workers and leaders ÃŽ ¿f the town. Such towns and communities believed that a good education would lead to a

Baseball in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Baseball in the United States - Essay Example Americans were not used to aristocracy and as a result, they had to choose from a wide range of activities that made them happy. It is of paramount importance to note that baseball can be played by everyone regardless of age, sex, or gender as opposed to soccer, which must be played by physically fit players. Although baseball balls are cheaper than soccer balls, the latter involves more players and spectators because it is played in an open space (Guttmann, 2012). Most modern sports are timed, but baseball can go on if there is competition because the weaker team tries its best to retire the better side. This makes baseball more interesting to American society because everybody is involved. American society is used to have a democratic way of life and they find this in baseball. Although admirers of golf, soccer, and football believe that the games are democratic, baseball fans see it as the most democratic game the world has ever seen. European and other societies view baseball as a boring game because of the interruptions, which occur during the game, but it has to be understood that the interruptions give the spectator enough time to calculate the arithmetic involved in the game. This is unlike other games such as soccer and football, which are continuous (Guttmann, 2012). According to Ross (2012), baseball is a pastoral game that creates a feeling of harmony to the spectator; it is worth noting that the game takes one from the bustle and hustle of city life to a traditional setting.  

Aim of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Aim of education - Essay Example At the start ÃŽ ¿f Early-Modern Britain, schooling was very limited in its form. Education was not as widespread as it was towards the end ÃŽ ¿f the period. Education was normally limited to the Royalty and Nobility. Not through legislation but the expense ÃŽ ¿f private tuition and lack ÃŽ ¿f other established educational institutions. Private tutors were the educators ÃŽ ¿f British Society in Medieval times. Tutors were academics that taught children in their homes. Tutors sometimes lived with their students and became tutor-companions ÃŽ ¿f the students. This mode ÃŽ ¿f education was clearly out ÃŽ ¿f reach to a large proportion ÃŽ ¿f the population. The other previous form ÃŽ ¿f limited education was related to the religious orders ÃŽ ¿f the time, within monasteries. This was very limited due to the numbers that the church could take and provide employment for. After a time several other types ÃŽ ¿f schooling established themselves in British Society. At the start ÃŽ ¿f Early-Modern Britain there were several modes ÃŽ ¿f schooling developing. These included groupings such as Independent Schools, Song Schools and alas, grammar schools. Independent schools for example had a single headmaster that ran classes from his own home and drew his students from the local community. Some Headmasters ran boarding schools that were designed for students to live and study in. These forms ÃŽ ¿f schools deviated from the previous form ÃŽ ¿f education, the private tutor. Endowed schools arose from several communities and towns. The municipal councils often sponsored these endowed schools. This sometimes allowed for free or subsidised education for all young boys (and some girls) who lived in the community. Young girls however, were seldom taught in the town in which they lived. The purpose ÃŽ ¿f the education was to train future workers and leaders ÃŽ ¿f the town. Such towns and communities believed that a good education would lead to a

APA Style Essay Example for Free

APA Style Essay American Psychology Association (APA) formatting and style guide provides a complete dictionary for all the associated guidelines to format a document with citations and references. It is complete in form and offers descriptive illustrations to make citations, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes and the organization of the reference page (Owl, 2007). The links provide full package information with examples to the citations and the layout of the reference pages. APA style is widely used in research papers, dissertations and essays and pictures used in the paper in citing others work which was included to illustrate the concepts and ideas in the paper. It is a standard used by universities all over. APA style is used to cite sources from authors, non-authors, sources from articles, electronic form of documents, emails, printed sources and other non-print sources. It provides basic rules at first to provide a background that references must be listed separately at the end with a page title called references. The following are the points in short: In case of listing using author’s name and title of the, it is done as follows: last name, initials, first name (year). Title, pub, edition, page number(s). For articles the names are listed as follows: Author, A. A. , Author, B. B. , Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. For books and other printed sources it is done as under: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher. Other sources are cited in almost similar format with little differences. The APA style guide is an excellent source to obtain all information about APA style basics and for citing and referencing all the sources. References Owl (2007). The Owl at Purdue. Retrieved 10, November 2007 from http://owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/560/01/.

Design Distance Measurer Based On Fpga Information Technology Essay

Design Distance Measurer Based On Fpga Information Technology Essay There are variety applications in range finder devices. Their main use is in areas where traditional measuring devices such as rulers, tape measures and other measuring devices are impropriate. Nowadays, the traditional measuring device can be replace by modern measuring device such as distance measurer based on laser. It has been implemented in short range distance even long range distance. The idea for using laser for range finding came when we can see that contractor had many problems in measuring the distance of the building especially from the floor to the ceiling. When it came to very high ceiling, such as in hall, stadium even close sport-court, the use of rulers or tape measures really a waste of time even need very hard work. This can be classified as uses in low tech world but in the high tech world, this distance measurer based on laser can be use with binocular in military use, especially for sniper. The observer can get the real distance of the enemy where the sniper can snipe from very far distance. This project is designed to be a laser distance measurer of detecting the distance of the object (wall) up to 10 meter away. The design based on simple physics, the distance travelled between two locations can be easily calculated if the speeds of travel are known. This device calculates the time is takes for a laser travel to, rebound off and return from a stationary object 1.2 Problem Statement Before this, we measure the distance using ruler or measuring tape, so this project design is to help human being by saving time and effort so we can measure the distance faster than before. With the help of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and the laser sensor, the design is more advance with the one click system and we can get the distance measurement by no time. In military use, the project will help by saving the life of the sniper as well. 1.3 Objective of the Project The objective of this project is to design distance measurer based on laser using FPGA as the microcontroller of the design. 1.4 Project Scope This project paper will involve in the analysis and design distance measurer based on laser, and FPGA as the microcontroller. These concepts are: The user will press the button as input. The laser will activate and laser beam will go direct to the object or surface. Laser beam will hit the object or surface and reflected it back. The sensor will picks up the signal. The flight time from the start and end will be measured. The corresponding distance of the reflecting object or surface is displayed in digital which is in 7 segment display. A few things that need to be considered for this design are: Types of laser sensors. How the instrumentation operates. Output characteristic. Many more issues need to be taken for consideration and this issue will be approached further in the coming chapters. 1.5 Project Plan Generally, this project is divided into five main chapters; namely Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Results and Discussion and Conclusion. CHAPTER 1 discusses on project overview, problem statement, the objective of the project, the scope in order to achieve the objective of the project and the thesis outline. CHAPTER 2 will focus on the literature review of the theory of laser based distance measurer and its development. There are also detailed introduction of the project and the background of various types of FPGA controller, i.e. VHDL, Verilog-HDL, Altera Quartus.. CHAPTER 3 describes about the methodology that will be used in order to complete this project which include the design of laser distance measurer using FPGA as the controller. This will include the selection of the technique use to measure the distance using the laser and the program to be compile with the FPGA board. Furthermore, it also discuss about how the program work on the hardware so that the project with give the result that I want. CHAPTER 4 discusses on the simulation results obtained. The detailed discussion is made to verify the performance and characteristics of the project. It will also discuss the problems and findings throughout the design and simulation of the system. CHAPTER 5 reviews the project outcomes upon the completion. Some suggestions are also made for better improvement in the future so that if anyone want to continue this project for better performance, they will know the basic of how this project start.. CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Distance measurement Distance is a numerical description of how the objects are apart. In physics or everyday discussion, distance may refer to a physical length, or an estimate based on other criteria. In mathematics, a distance function or metric is a generalization of the concept of physical distance (Distance, 2010). In science, measurement is the process of estimating or determining the magnitude of a quantity like length or mass, compared with a measurement unit, like a meter or a kilogram (Measurement, 2010). The measure term can also be used to refer to a specific result obtained by the method of measurement Distance measurement is a process where we need distance measuring instrument which can measure the distance if the distance is short or long. The SI unit for each measurement is the meter (m) but there are many units of length such as feet, yard, inches etc, but they are not classified as SI unit of length. Remote sensing using the light sensor is widely used for implementing mobile robot. The main attraction of the distance light detecting means is its user friendliness of how to use it without need knowledge about it. The measurement precision is somewhat limited and care must be taken to ensure that the environment is not subject to temperature changes and the sensor should not be confused by stray reflections from material adjacent to the target. Even with these limitations, laser range finder has a wide application especially when the target is far away and the action required is low. But sometimes the laser must be reflected after the laser strike any target, which means that if the laser hit a transparent material, the calculation cannot be done. But the light system based on distance measurement are inherently more accurate than ultrasound techniques because of the narrow beam angles commonly used and the restrictions of freedom inevitably fundamentally mechanical acoustic signal generation and detection. These are wide ranges of techniques that can be used to measure distance using light. These vary greatly in cost and function of the laser distance measuring system is very expensive in cost compared to the system for measuring distance using ultrasonic. 2.2 Optical Distance Measurement 2.2.1 Introduction Wide variety of industrial, commercial and research use optical sensor for distance measurement. Most sensors use visible or infrared laser beam to project a light spot on a target, the surface on which distance should be measured, the distance from the place back in the light detecting portion of the probe is measuring several ways There are several factors to consider when specifying a laser distance sensor. They include maximum range, sensitivity, target reflectance and specularity, accuracy and resolution and sampling frequency. 2.2.2 Definition Some of the terms that related to optical sensing (e.g. laser or ultrasonic) and distance measurement that must be take notes as some knowledge before the measurement can be done. Some of the knowledge that must be take notes is defined and described briefly here (Glossary of Laser Sensor Terminology, 2010). Target: When a laser pointed at some surface, the light is reflected into the detector in an optical sensor. This can refer to a surface or material designed to reflect light, in which the sensor is pointed. To determine the maximum range of a sensor, reflectance target is the most important factor Cooperative Target: A target or any material designed by the manufacture to reflect the light to a sensor detector. It also provides the return signal to the receiver input higher after the laser beam and more. Cooperative target include glass cube, reflectors corner, retro reflective tape and other material made by several manufacturers. In some applications, the mirror can also be used as targets of cooperation. Figure 2.1: Cooperative Target (Module 6) Uncooperative Target: The material is not specifically designed to reflect light onto the sensor while taking the measurement. Can be generally referred to an object that scattering light. The term is used because the target in return cannot be reflected beam, this includes metal or painted surfaces, liquids and solids or loose granular Figure 2.2: Uncooperative Target (Module 6) Retro reflection: The reflection of light off a target object or surface back in the direction from which it came, for a wide range of angle of incident, either it came in 180 ° reflection or any degree as long it reflect to it sources. It can be said that the retro reflection will produce minimum scattering light. Retro reflection is achieved through multiple reflections within a retro reflector. Retro reflectors include corner cubes and retro reflective tape. A high quality corner cube retro reflector will return virtually all the light entering it to its source. Corner cubes may be used to extend range hundreds or thousands of times over ordinary surfaces. A corner cube array was left on the moon to allow accurate measurement of its distance from the earth. Some of the example item that commonly being used in many applications is retro reflective tape. It typically consists of microspheres or cubes of glass or plastic which act like many tiny retro reflectors. Figure 2.3: Retro reflection Surface (Retroreflector, 2010) Diffuse Reflection: This terms is being use when a light strikes the target and scattered over a wide angle which mean the incident ray reflected in many angles.. Plain white paper of flat (not glossy) wall paint is good diffuse materials. It can be classified as the best uncooperative targets, and may be measured to over a wide range of incident angles (up to 80 degrees for some materials). Untitled.jpg Figure 2.4: Diffuse Reflection Surface (Diffuse Reflection, 2010) Specular Reflection: It occurs when the light strikes a shiny or mirror-like surface and is reflected away in one angle which is same to the angle it reflects. Glass, liquid surfaces and polished metal are specula and generally it needs a sensor configured specifically for specula surfaces. This behaviour is described in the law of reflection where it totally follows the law itself. Figure 2.5: Specular Reflection Surface (Specular Reflection, 2010) Reflectance: The amount of light reflected from the target, expressed as a percentage of incidents light. Diffuse reflectance refers to the amount of light scattered in all directions by a diffuse target. Specular reflectance refers to the amount of reflected light is reflected for example a mirror. Reflectance depends on the target color and composition and the frequency of light is reflected. Diffuse surfaces often vary from 3% to 95% reflectance. Many surfaces such as pain and glossy coated paper are diffuse and specular components of reflection Maximum Range: The maximum distance of sensors that picks up the reflected light and to obtain an accurate measurement of the distance. The maximum range may be limited by laser power, the amount of light reflected from the target and the sensitivity of the detector. It may also be limited by the measurement method used and the distance that the sensor is accurately calibrated Laser Power: It is the optical power level emitted by the laser sensor. The power can be specified as average power or peak power and average, if the sensor output pulses of intermittent light. If all other factors being equal, the maximum range increases in proportion to the square root of laser power, if power is multiplied by four, it will double the maximum range it can achieved. Laser power is expressed in Watts Mill (mW) or watts (W). Sample Rate: The frequency of a sensor updates its output range. The sampling frequency capability of remote sensors varies widely, depending on the measurement method that being used and the design of the devices. The sampling frequency can be as low as one sample every few seconds and run a million samples per second.. Response Time: It is the delay between the time changes in target position and the time changes of the sensor output. This may be more than one sample interval, if the sensor is processing or calibration of the intermediate samples during transmission of the previous sample and then taking the next measurement. Sensitivity: A measure of the ability to obtain a reading on a dark target or with low laser power. Sensitivity decreases at long ranges. Depth of Field: The span of distance over which a measurement sensor can measure distances accurately. This may be limited by the approach of light focus collection and the maximum distance that reflect enough light to the sensor. These two factors will determine how changes in the sensitivity of the sensor with distance. 2.2.3 Performance Of Optical Sensor On Specula And Diffuse Targets All sensors require a bit of laser light to the back surface of the target to operate. The amount of light needed is a measure of the sensitivity of the device. In general, the most sensitive devices are more expensive and accurate measurement of high sampling frequency requires more thought than for lower sampling frequencies. For diffuse targets, the higher the reflectance of the target, the best performance of a sensor will be. Lightweight materials such as wood, paper or white paint is non-cooperative targets that work well at all distances. The 50 darkest carbonaceous materials feet from a rangefinder can return only one ten-millionth of the light that reaches them at a rangefinder. The maximum range and depth of field can be limited to as little as 1.5 of what is possible with ordinary, light-colours surfaces. In addition to the amount of light a surface reflects the way light is reflected can affect the performance of an optical sensor. Many surfaces are partly specula and partially diffuse. These can be difficult to measure the amount of light reflected to a sensor may vary considerably with the angle of the target surface. 2.2.4 Accuracy, Repeatability and Resolution The accuracy of a sensor is a measure of the difference can be provided between the reading of a sensor and the actual distance measured. The resolution is the smallest change in measured distance. The resolution is the smallest change in the distance a sensor can detect and is usually a value smaller than the precision error. Accuracy can be affected by reflection from the target temperature, ambient light, which will generally not affect the resolution. Repeatability is the measure of the stability of the sensor over time. Generally, the sample repeatability sample will be lower for very fast sampling rates, because less time is used for measuring average. As the sampling frequency is lowered, the repeatability will improve, but this cannot continue indefinitely. Beyond some deceleration rate of the sample, the repeatability will start to get worse as the long-term drift in the components and changes in temperature cause changes in output of the sensor. 2.2.5 Spot Size and Divergence Other specifications which may be important are the laser spot size and divergence of the beam. Some applications require a small spot for high-resolution, measurement while others require a larger diameter spot of averaging rough surfaces or for eye safety concerns. 2.2.6 Visible and Infrared Lasers Both visible and infrared (IR) laser are used in distance measurement. For some applications, the advantage of being able to see the spot is an advantage, while others do not want the place to be seen. For some sensors, they have two versions of visible and infrared. IR versions are slightly more sensitive and more accurate than the version visible and IR models have a wider range of laser powers. 2.2.7 Class of Lasers 2.2.7,1 Class I It has no possibility damaging the eye. That is because of a low power of the output (in which eye damage case is impossible, even after the hours of exposure), or because of an enclosure preventing the access of the users to the laser beam during normal operation, any individual, independently of the conditions of exposure to the eyes or the skin, No one can expect to be wounded by a laser of class I. No requirements of safety are necessary to use with the devices of laser class. The lasers of class I are apparatuses with low power which are regarded as sure of all the potential dangers. Some examples of the use of the laser of class I are as follows: the printers laser, CD-ROM devices, the geological equipment of survey and the laboratory equipment of analysis (Laser Safety, 2010). Figure 2.6: Example of Class I Application Laser Printer (Application of Laser Product, 2008) 2,2,7,2 Class II Class II laser can damage the eyes of the person if deliberately looks in the beam for one prolonged period (i.e > 15 minutes). Power of output can be up to 1 mW. This category includes the lasers that emitting a visible light. Certain pointers lasers are in this category. The lasers of class II are of low power which is less than 1mW, lasers of the visible light which could cause damage with the eyes of a person. Some examples of laser use of class II are: demonstrations in class, the pointers laser, devices of aiming and the distance measuring equipment. Avoid looking in a laser beam of class II or pointing a laser beam of class II in the eyes of another person. Avoid looking at class II of the beams laser with telescopic devices. To carry out that the light of a laser beam of class II in the eyes causes a normal reaction to divert the glance or to close the eyes (Laser Safety Policy, 2010). Figure 2.7: Example of Class II Application Barcode Scanner (Application of Laser Product, 2008) 2.2.7.3 Class IIa Laser class where it is in the low-power output of Class II ans the laser requires in excess of 1000 seconds of continuous viewing to produce a burn to the retina. Commercial laser scanners are in this subclass (Laser Safety, 2010). Figure 2.8: Example of Class IIa Application Laser Disco Light (Starfield Projector, 2007) 2.2.7.4 Class IIIa The lasers of class IIIa are from continuous wave. The lasers in this class are most of the time dangerous in combination with the optical instruments which change the density of diameter or power of beam. The power of the output is not exceeding 5 MW. The density of power of beam cannot exceed 2.5 mW/square centimetres. Many sights of laser for weapons with fire and indicators of laser are in this category of devices with intermediate output power (1-5 mW). Some examples of the uses of laser of class IIIa are identical to that laser of class II with the most popular uses being indicators of laser and modules of laser scanner. The direct viewing of the laser beam of IIIa of class could be dangerous with the eyes. Directly do not look at the laser beam of IIIa of class (Laser Safety, 2010) . Figure 2.9: Example of Class IIIa Application Military Equipment (Marushin M16A1) 2.2.7.5 Class IIIb The lasers in this class can damage if the beam enters the eye directly. This generally applies to the lasers actuated starting from 5-500 mW. The lasers in this category can damage permanent eye with exposures of 1/100th one second or less according to the force of the laser and the lasers at the end of high power of this class can also present a fire hazard and can slightly burn the skin. A diffuse reflection is generally not dangerous but the specular reflections can be like dangerous that is direct exposures. All times that occupying a control field of laser, carry the suitable protection of eye. Protective Eyewear is recommended when the direct viewing of beam of the lasers of IIIb of class can occur. Some examples of the uses of laser of IIIb of class are spectrometry, stereo lithography, and the light of entertainment shows (Laser Safety Policy, 2010). Figure 2.10: Example of Class IIIb Application Military Equipment (Azari, 1998-2009) 2.2.7.6 Class IV The lasers of class which is the majority of entertainment, industrialists, scientists, military and medical are in this category. Some examples of use of laser of class IV are surgery, research, drilling, cutting, welding, and the lasers micromachining in this class produced powers moreover than >500mW or pulsed of >10 J/cm2 in the beam and can damage considerably and permanent the eye or the skin without being magnify by optical system of eye or instrumentation. It can be dangerous to peel or observe diffuse reflexions of the laser beam in the nominal zone of risk. The lasers of class IV are devices of high power. The direct beam and the diffuse reflections of the lasers of class IV are dangerous with the eyes and the skin. The devices of laser of class IV can also be a fire hazard according to the reaction of the target once struck. Orders much larger are required to ensure the sure exploitation of this class of the devices of laser. All times that occupying a control field of las er, carry the suitable protection of eye. The majority of the damage of eye of laser occur reflected beams of the light of laser of class IV, thus maintain all materials reflective left the beam. Do not place your hand or any other part of body in the laser beam of class IV (Laser Safety, 2010). Figure 2.11: Example of Class IV Application Laboratory Equipment (Oxford, 2009) 2.2.8 Method of Measuring Distance Based On Laser Lasers can be used in various ways to measure distances or travel without physical contact. Laser length measurements allow the most sensitive and accurate records for extremely rapid and larger measurement ranges, even if these qualities are usually not combined with a single technique. According to specific requests, very different technical approaches may be appropriate. Some laser applications such as in architecture, inspection of manufacturing facilities, crime scene investigation (CSI), and the army (Paschotta D. R., 2010). 2.2.8.1 Triangular Measurement Method It exploits the ability of a laser beam to propagate in a well-collimated form (ie with small divergence) over long distances. In a typical case, the laser beam illuminates a point and the laser is essentially used as a pointer. Diffuse or specular reflections of this item are followed by a detector that is mounted in a distance from the laser beam, so that the laser source, object and detector form a triangle. The principal is same like the ship trying to find the distance from the shore (Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology, 2010). Figure 2.12: Triangulation Method (B., C., D., 2010) The high detection rate, it is possible to control the position of a moving or vibrating example: part of some machines. The precision obtained is very accurate compared with other devices. For diffuse reflections, the distance may be limited by the obligation to receive a sufficient amount of reflected optical power, with specular reflection, a greater distance can be measured, but a sort of angular alignment is required (Paschotta D. R., 2010). 2.2.8.2 Time-Of-Flight Measurement Method Time of flight measurements are often used to measure a distance, used for example in an airplane, possibly in the form of laser scanning radar. Here, a device sends an optical pulse and measure short time until a reflected portion of the pulse is controlled. The distance is then calculated using the speed of light. This method usually used for measuring distance, like hundreds of meters or several miles. By using advanced techniques (involving high-quality telescopes, very sensitive photo detector, etc..) With the precision of a few centimeters, it is possible to measure e.g. the distance between Earths and to obtain an accurate profile of a dam. Over time, measures are preferably used in flight for long distances, the beam quality of laser source is crucial. For large distances, high pulse energies are required. This may raise issues of laser safety, especially if the laser wavelength is not in the eye safe region. For nanojoule to microjoule pulse energies (as required for medium distances), it is possible to use a chip laser passive Q-switched Er: Yb glass, which can generate pulses rather short (the duration of the order of 1 ns) with pulse energies of Yb: about 10 ÃŽÂ ¼J in the spectral region to eye safety (Paschotta D. R., 2010). 2.2.8.3 Phase Shift Measurement Method The method of phase shift usually use in laser rangefinders, a technique for measuring distances in the following manner. A laser beam with sinusoidally modulated optical power is sent to a target. Some reflected light (diffuse sources or specular reflections) is monitored, and phase modulation power is compared to the light sent. The phase shift obtained is 2à Ã¢â€š ¬ times the time of flight time frequency modulation. This shows that higher modulation frequencies can result in better spatial resolution. Although the phase shift is directly proportional to the duration of the flight, the length of time of flight method should be reserved for cases where one really measures a delay time more directly. Figure 2.13: Phase Shift Method (Dixon Henlich, 1997) With regard to an interferometer, the phase shift method has an ambiguity in the distance, because with the distance from the phase varies periodically. However, the frequency is much greater than in an interferometer, since the frequency modulation is much smaller than the optical frequency. In addition, ambiguity can be easily removed, for example, by measuring with two different modulation frequencies. 2.3 FPGA Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) are ICs that contain an array of identical logic blocks with programmable interconnections. It also can be classified as one of the programmable logic device (PLD). There are also some other type of PLD which is Simple Programmable Logic Device (SPLD) and Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD). The user can program the function realized by each logic block and the connections between the blocks. FPGAs have revolutionized the way prototyping and designing are done. The flexibility offered by reprogrammable FPGAs has enhanced the design process. There are a variety of FPGA products available in market now. Xilinx, Altera, Lattice Semiconductor, Actel, Cypress, Quick Logic and Atmel are examples of companies that design and sell FPGAs. 2.3.1 DE2 Board Figure 2.14: DE2 Board Model EP2C35F672C6 (DE2 Development and Education User Manual) The following hardware is provided on the DE2 board: Altera Cyclone ® II 2C35 FPGA device Altera Serial Configuration device EPCS16 USB Blaster (on board) for programming and user API control; both JTAG and Active Serial (AS) programming modes are supported 512-Kbyte SRAM 8-Mbyte SDRAM 4-Mbyte Flash memory (1 MByte on some boards) SD Card socket 4 pushbutton switches 8 toggle switches 18 red user LEDs 9 green user LEDs 50-MHz oscillator and 27-MHz oscillator for clock sources 24-bit CD-quality audio CODEC with line-in, line-out, and microphone-in jacks VGA DAC (10-bit high-speed triple DACs) with VGA-out connector TV Decoder (NTSC/PAL) and TV-in connector 10/100 Ethernet Controller with a connector USB Host/Slave Controller with USB type A and type B connectors RS-232 transceiver and 9-pin connector PS/2 mouse/keyboard connector IrDA transceiver Two 40-pin Expansion Headers with diode protection 2.3.2 Block Diagram of the DE2 Board Figure 2.15: Block Diagram of DE2 Board Model EP2C35F672C6 (DE2 Development and Education User Manual) 2.3.3 Cyclone II Altera Cyclone II FPGA density range has 68,416 logic elements (GE) and provide up to 622 usable I / O pins and up to 1.1 Mbits of embedded memory. Cyclone II FPGAs are manufactured on 300mm wafers. The low cost and optimized feature set of Cyclone II FPGAs make ideal solutions for a wide range of automotive, consumer, communications, video processing, test and measurement, and other end-market solutions. Devices that support the Fast-On feature are designated with an A in the code of the controller. The EP2C5A is only available in the class of vehicle speed. The EP2C8A and EP2C20A are only available in the category of industrial speed. The EP2C15A is only available with the Fast-On feature and is available in both commercial and industrial categories. Figure 2.16: DE2 Board Model EP2C35F672C6 (DE2 Development and Education User Manual) 2.3.4 Evolution of Programmable Logic An FPGAs has grown in the past twenty years since the introduction. In the early 1970s, Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) had been on the market. These devices used two-level logic structures which are AND plane as the first level of logic which generally fixed while the second level known as OR plane which is programmable. Figure 2.17: Some Example Of PLD Basic Circuit (David, 2006) 2.3.5 FPGA Types Configuration Technology Technology Overview And Features SRAM Based An external device program the device on power up. It allows fast reconfiguration. Configuration is volatile. Device can be reconfigured in circuit. Anti-Fuse Based Configuration is set by burning internal fuses to implements the desired functionality. Configuration is non volatile and cannot be changed. EPROM based Configuration is similar to EPROM devices. Configuration is non-volatile. Device must be configured out of the circuit. EEPROM based Configuration is similar to EEPROM devices. Configuration is non-volatile. Device must be configured out of the circuit. 2.3.6 Advantages of FPGAs However they have compensating advantages, largely due to the fact that they are standard parts. FPGA has larger capacity, more architecture and more register than other PLD. It is because the FPGA is the evolution of the PLD before it. There is no wait from completing the design to obtaining a working chip. The design can be programmed into the FPGA and tested immediately. FPGAs are excellent prototyping vehicles. When the FPGA is used in the final design, the jump from prototype to product is much smaller and easier to negotiate. The same FPGA can be used in several different designs, reducing inventory costs. 2.3.7 Disadvantages of FPGAs FPGAs are not custom parts, so they arent good at any particular function as dedicated chip designed for that application. FPGAs are generally slower and burn more power than custom logic. FPGAs are also relatively expensive. 2.3.8Types of FPGA Reprogrammable (SRAM-based) Xilinx, Altera

The Curse and Blessing of Montana :: Free Descriptive Essay About A Place

The Curse and Blessing of Montana Montana seems to be one of those states that most people either love or hate. It is so distinct from any other state that it is no wonder this is the case. Montana is in so many ways such a great state to live in, with a wide variety of recreation, hobbies, and other enjoyable pastimes; however, many problems plague the state, from its lack of modern conveniences to its poor job opportunities. What many people do not realize is how much these good and bad characteristics are related. There are innumerable examples of Montana's good qualities, far too many to name all of them, but several of these examples are the recreation, history and beauty of Montana. Recreation in Montana includes sports like biking, skiing, hiking, and a many more outdoor recreational activities. The wide open areas create almost endless possibilities for outdoor recreation, and the relatively small population decreases the clutter along lakes, trails, streams, and other venues for recreation. Also, the small population and large open spaces have a preserving effect on Montana's historical buildings, monuments, and other objects of historical significance and interest. Montana is able to keep these historical sites safe because demand for these sites both for industrialization and by the general population is not too great. The small population and large open areas also allow for a broad range of wildlife habitation, which is excellent for both recreational activities like hunting and fishi ng and for wildlife viewing. Montana's beautiful and varied landscapes are also remarkable to view. The towering, craggy mountains; vast, spectacular forests; massive, grassy plains; and numerous lakes, rivers, and streams, many of which are very sparsely populated, are magnificent to behold. All these pleasurable aspects of Montana are direct results of its generally rural environment and would not be possible without this characteristic. It is evident that those who love Montana are most likely in love with its rural setting. Most of the reasons people dislike Montana are also directly related to its ruralness. Some of these reasons include difficult access to conveniences taken for granted in many areas of the U.S., the complete absence of other conveniences, and limited job opportunities. Because Montana is rural, many businesses are only attracted to the larger cities within the state. Because of this, many Montanans not living in these places must drive longer distances than would normally be required in most states to reach these businesses.

Death Penalty :: essays research papers

Death Penalty and Issues of Deterrence For members of society who are retentionists and want to keep the death penalty, its deterrent effects are one of their primary arguments. But there is no conclusive evidence that the death penalty deters would-be criminals from their act of violence. Countless studies have shown that the murder rate in the United States has not gone down since the states were allowed to kill in 1976. In reality, the murder rate has increased, due to the brutalization factor that the punishment creates. There should be no doubt that the death penalty is an expensive, brutal, and ineffective deterrent to crime. Though there isn’t much evidence that proves the death penalty deters crime, there is plenty of evidence and studies that prove it does not. The latest FBI Uniform Crime Report shows that in 2000, the national murder rate decreased 3.1 % from 1999, with the smallest decline in the South. The South remains the region with the highest murder rate, 6.8 victims per 100,000, compared to 5.1 in the West and Midwest, and 4.0 in the Northeast. Since the death penalty was reinstated, over 80% of all executions have occurred in the South, the region with the highest murder rate. The Northeast, the region with the lowest murder rate, has accounted for less than 1% of the executions. A survey done by the New York Times also found that states without the death penalty have lower homicide rates than states with the death penalty. The Times report states that ten of the twelve states without the death penalty have homicide rates below the national average, whereas half of the states with the death penalty have homicide rates above (New York Times, 2/19/00). During the last 20 years, the homicide rate in states with the death penalty has been 48%-101% higher than in states without the death penalty. There are many more studies that show where the death penalty exists, there is a higher murder rate. According to statistics from the latest FBI Uniform Crime Report, regions of the country that use the death penalty the least are the safest for police officers. Police are most in danger in the South, which accounts for 80% of all executions (90% in 2000). From 1989-1998, 292 law enforcement officers were feloniously killed in the South, 125 in the West, 121 in the Midwest, and 80 in the Northeast, the region with the fewest executions.

Losing Love (Bookshop Memories)

Ryan Borg Mr. Parsons English 101 9/13/2012 Losing Love In the short essay Bookshop Memories by George Orwell, he tells the readers about the life of working at a second hand bookstore. Orwell goes into brief detail about certain remarks, actions or pestering bluebottles that seem to rest and die in the most important and obvious places. Some of the remarks that Orwell made throughout the essay would be like this example, â€Å"many of the people who came to us were of the kind who would be a nuisance anywhere but have special opportunities in a bookshop.For example, the dear old lady who ‘wants a book for an invalid’ (a very common demand, that). †(Page 1) Follow that quote the other nuisance is the random special ordered book Orwell encountered was, â€Å"the other dear old lady who read such a nice book in 1897 and wonders whether you can find her a copy. Unfortunately she doesn’t remember the title or the author’s name or what the book was about , but she does remember that it had a red cover. (Page 1) These encounters aggravated Orwell with no doubt but the real reason he lost his love for books was, â€Å"a bookseller has to tell lies about books, and that gives him a distaste for them; still worse is the fact that he is constantly dusting them and hauling them to and fro. †(page 5) As one book lover to another the fact that Orwell had to lie about certain books to customers would be near impossible just because it’s not how Orwell wanted to explain the book but it was what the customers wanted to hear about the book to make the sale.Satisfying the customer rather than being able to speak what you actually are thinking about the book I could see this would cause Orwell to lose his love for the actual books that he enjoys reading. The other reason that Orwell states in that quote is that he has to constantly dusting them off and moving them to and fro. Analyzing this quote it is noticeable that Orwell was ref erring to constantly moving the books around for customers, the change of seasons, and new inventory that the bookstore got in. Along with shuttling them back and forth, us; as a reader, should take in consideration that the books need to be cleaned off nd this is where the dead bluebottles and dust start to affect his real love for books. After Orwell states the real reason he loses his love for books he does include another quote which is, â€Å"nowadays I do buy one occasionally, but only if it is a book that I want to read and can’t borrow, and I never buy junk. The sweet smell of decaying paper appeals to me no longer. † (page 5) To me, as the reader, I take this sentence that Orwell does not like to read books that are 50 years old or older because it brings back the memories of shuttling and dusting off the dead bluebottles from the books.It also suggests that he still will read a quality book, news article, or other type of publication but he will not purchase it since there were so many customers that went into the second hand bookstore to buy books so they could use them as a showing piece for people to make assumptions of who they actually were. In this essay this Orwell gave complex hints to the reasons why he lost his love for books in ways throughout the whole essay but he gave his real reason in the last paragraph of the essay as it was pointed out previously.

Othello Feature Article

William Shakespeare’s play Othello is one of his four most great tragedies. This play is â€Å"widely known as being one of the most moving and most painful with the fall of proud, dignified man, the murder of a graceful, loving woman, and the unreasoning hatred of a â€Å"motiveless† villain†. Othello is an esteemed general respected and honoured for his position despite the fact he is a moor. After promoting the Florentine Cassio, his â€Å"friend† Iago despises Othello’s decision as he believes it should’ve been him who deserved it.Othello later elopes with Desdemona, which was looked down upon due to Othello being a black man. This is where Iago, the protagonist, begins his malicious plan to bring down Othello. Using Rodrigo, who loves Desdemona, to do his dirty work for him. This play was written in 1604; new versions have been made into film with modern day altercations, for example, â€Å"O†, directed by Tim Blake Nelson. Each o f these show similarities and differences. Many of the themes shown in Shakespeare’s original play Othello use the same themes. and The movie â€Å"O† shows a great deal of parallels to the book.Director Tim Blake Nelson stayed true to Shakespeare's original cast, plot, and sequence of events, but he set his movie in modern times. It takes place in a primarily white high school where Odin, playing the part of Othello, is a basketball star who leads his team to many victories. His right-hand-man, Michel (playing Cassio) is always there for him, helping in any way he can. Hugo plays the part of Iago. He shows a lot of jealousy towards Odin and Desi (playing Desdemona) being in a relationship as well as all of Odin's skills.The characters that create this play show one theme all throughout this play, Deception and Illusion vs. Reality. RACISM: Iago says many things that show his racism clear as daylight. Iago refers to Othello as `thick-lips' and `sooty-bosom', also he ca lls him an assortment of animals including `an old black ram', and a `Barbary horse'. Iago speaks to Desdemona's father, Brabantio. He refers to Desdemona and Othello's children being part animal because Iago is comparing Othello's sexuality to that of a horse. You'll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse, you'll have your nephews neigh to you, you'll have coursers for cousins, and gennets for germans† (Shakespeare, 32). McEachern describes Venice as being â€Å"proto-liberal†, even with that view in mind; she describes Iago's racism as being â€Å"super-subtle† (140). Subtle is the word of choice because gradually, all of the main characters become Iago's dupes without knowing it. Iago's racist hatred for blacks gives him a motivation for wanting to destroy Othello's happiness and also gives him a way to do it.Iago only needs to convince Othello that Desdemona hates him because of his color. Iago, in a way, must rationalize and naturalize his own ficti ons as truths in order to get Othello to believe him. He cannot succeed in causing Othello's jealousy unless he believes them, to some degree, himself. â€Å"The most unsettling thing about Iago [†¦ ] is his unblushing separation of being from seeming† (McEachern, 195). Although the reader never finds out what happens to Iago at the end of the play, it is assumed that he gets executed for his treason and lies.All of the energy he used trying to fight Othello, eventually caused his own destruction. Jealousy is destructive weather it is internal, like Iago's racism, or external like Iago's sly hints to Othello about Desdemona's unfaithfulness. â€Å"O† . JEALOUSY: There are many things that Hugo does that show his jealousy towards Odin. He shows shock and dismay when the coach of the team (who is also Hugo's father) said that he loves Odin like his own son. Hugo also takes steroids and other drugs to keep his performance up hoping to surpass Odin's skills.He tells R odger, (who plays the part of Rodrigo) â€Å"I'm considered a utility man. I rebound, I can shoot, I play guard, forward, power forward, you name the position, I fuckin' play it. † â€Å"The point is, I'm the MVP on this piece of shit team [†¦ ]† (â€Å"O†, scene 2). This shows jealousy of Odin because he was selected as MVP of the basketball team. Hugo actually admits that he is jealous, but he sees it as a flaw as opposed to Iago in the play. Hugo talks to Odin before a dunking contest in the gym and says that Odin should forget about Desi.He tells him that he has everything and that he would give his life to be in Odin's shoes and says that Desi is not a prize that he needs to win, but rather that Odin is the prize (â€Å"O†, scene 13). There is one place at the very end of the movie that Hugo directly admits to his jealousy. He is talking about a hawk and how it relates to power, darkness, determination, and to being proud. He says, â€Å"Odin i s a hawk, he soars above us. He can fly. But one of these days everyone's gonna pay attention to me. Because I'm gonna fly too† (â€Å"O†, scene 21).

Legal Aspects Associated With Performance Management Programs - Part Assignment

Legal Aspects Associated With Performance Management Programs - Part II - Assignment Example Meanwhile, quote (year) noted that any legal outcomes that proceed from the inefficiencies of one person in the implementation of performance management systems could bring the reputation of the entire organization to disrepute. I must admit that I agree with you on all three types of claims that can be brought up on employers regarding performance management system as you mentioned. Certainly, defamation can arise as there is personal sabotage against certain employees to run their professional reputation down. Discrimination could also be the result of bias and preference of selected employees over others. Then also, negligence can occur as there is apathy towards the entire performance management system. But one thing that I am particularly impressed about on your post is the admission that any of these forms of claims or breaches can come with serious cost for all parties. As indicated by quote (year) long periods of litigation and investigations aimed at setting scores between employees and employers can cost the organization precious man hours. It is therefore important that the right things will always be done to avoid any legal